The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) RAD54-GFP DNA repair reporter assay (GreenScreen assay, GSA) can be used for early genotoxicity screening in drug discovery. During the initial validation of this preregulatory assay, a subset of known genotoxic compounds that did not give reproducibly clear positive GSA results was identified. Cell permeability, inherent drug resistance mechanisms, metaboli...

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc cluster transcription factors Pdr1 and Pdr3 mediate general drug resistance to many cytotoxic substances also known as pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR). The regulatory mechanisms that activate Pdr1 and Pdr3 in response to the various xenobiotics are poorly understood. In this study, we report that exposure of yeast cells to 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), benzyl alc...

Aim: To understand how transcriptional factors Pdr1 and Pdr3, belonging to the pleiotropic drug resistance system, are activated, regulated after introducing chemical tox- ins cell in model organism Saccharomyces cere-visiae. Methods: Series of molecular methods were applied using different strains ofS. cerevisiae over-expressing proteins interest as a eukaryotic model. The stress in- troduced ...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a well-established model for species as diverse as humans and pathogenic fungi, is more recently a model for population and quantitative genetics. S. cerevisiae is found in multiple environments-one of which is the human body-as an opportunistic pathogen. To aid in the understanding of the S. cerevisiae population and quantitative genetics, as well as its emergence as ...

In the struggle for life, the capacity of microorganisms to synthesize and secrete toxic compounds (inhibiting competitors) plays an important role in successful survival of these species. This ability must come together with the capability of being unaffected by these same compounds. Several mechanisms are thought to avoid the toxic effects. One of them is toxin extrusion from the intracellula...

The global gene transcription pattern of the eukaryotic experimental model Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to sudden aggression with the widely used herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was analysed. Under acute stress, 14% of the yeast transcripts suffered a greater than twofold change. The yeastract database was used to predict the transcription factors mediating the response...

S. cerevisiae from different environments are subject to a wide range of selective pressures, whether intentional or by happenstance. Chemicals classified by their application, such as herbicides, fungicides and antibiotics, can affect non-target organisms. First marketed as RoundUp™, glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide. In plants, glyphosate inhibits EPSPS, of the shikimate pathway, w...

Azole resistance in Candida albicans can be mediated by several resistance mechanisms. Among these, alterations of the azole target enzyme and the overexpression of multidrug efflux transporter genes are the most frequent. To identify additional putative azole resistance genes in C. albicans, a genomic library from this organism was screened for complementation of fluconazole hypersusceptibilit...