We prove that, for every n-vertex graph G, the treewidth of G plus the treewidth of the complement of G is at least n − 2. This bound is tight. © 2012 Gwenaël Joret and David R. Wood. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Nordhaus–Gaddum-type theorems establish bounds on f (G) + f (G) for some graph parameter f , where G is the complement of a graph G. The literature has numerous exam...

A leading cause of cancer chemotherapy failure is chemoresistance, which often involves multiple mechanisms. Chinese medicines (CM) usually contain multiple components which could potentially target many mechanisms simultaneously and may offer an advantage over single compounds that target one mechanism at a time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemosensitizing effect (CE) of ...

The present study examines prosodic characteristics of Taiwan (TW) English in relation to native (L1) English and TW speakers’ mother tongue, Mandarin. The aim is to investigate 1) how TW second-language (L2) English is different from L1 English by integrated prosodic features 2) if any transfer effect from L2s’ mother tongue contributes to L2 accent and 3) What is the similarity/difference bet...

Abs tract: In th is pape r w e de ve lop a ne w m ode l for h arve s t ope ration cos ts th at can be us e d to e valuate s tands for pote ntial h arve s t. Th e m ode l is bas e d on fe ling, e xtraction, and acce s s cos ts and is uniq ue in its cons ide ration of th e inte raction be tw e e n h arve s t are a s h ape s and acce s s roads . W e ilus trate th e m ode l and e valuate th e im pa...

Hypermutation is thought to be a two-phase process. The first phase is via the action of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which deaminates C nucleotides in WRC motifs. This results in the RGYW/WRCY hot spot motifs for mutation from G and C observed in vivo. The resemblance between the hot spot for C mutations and the reverse complement of that for G mutations implies a process actin...

This study was performed to investigate the effect of desalinated underground seawater (named as 'magma seawater', MSW) of Jeju Island in Korea on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity. MSW was collected from underground of Han-Dong in Jeju Island, and freely given to high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice for 10 weeks. Although there were no significant differences in the body weight changes...

We observed that two strains of REV-T differ in the ability to transform bursal cells in vitro. REV-TW, with v-rel derived from a well-characterized clone and considered the prototype of the wild type, fails to generate colonies in soft agar. In contrast, REV-S2A3, derived from the S2A3 cell line, readily transforms bursal cells. With PCR, a 1,591-bp fragment containing v-rel from the REV-S2A3 ...

Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. However, as an important pulp species, few studies had been performed on its wood formation. In the present study, we investigated the molecular responses of birch xylem to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli. After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 ...

This research addresses system reliability analysis using weakest t-norm based approximate intuitionistic fuzzy arithmetic operations, where failure probabilities of all components are represented by different types of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Due to the incomplete, imprecise, vague and conflicting information about the component of system, the present study evaluates the reliability of sy...

Tension wood (TW) is a specialized tissue with contractile properties that is formed by the vascular cambium in response to gravitational stimuli. We quantitatively analysed the proteomes of Populus tremula cambium and its xylem cell derivatives in stems forming normal wood (NW) and TW to reveal the mechanisms underlying TW formation. Phloem-, cambium-, and wood-forming tissues were sampled by ...