interaction of two complementary growth-factor dependent mutants, i.e., Tzp lemen ta ry auxotrophs, of Streptomyces coeticolor to form grovvth-factor independent progeny, i.e., prototrophs, was interpreted as gene recombination by SERMO~TI and SPADA-SERMONTI (1955) and by BRAENDLE and SZ+BALSKI (1959yi but as heterokaryosis by BRADLEY (1957). The former workers concluded that gene recombination...

The World Health Organization has indicated that effective control of the HIV/AIDS pandemic is the world’s most urgent public health challenge. The 2009 UNAIDS Global Facts and Figures report estimated that almost 60 million people have been infected with the virus and that 25 million AIDS-related deaths have occurred since the pandemic began in the early 1980s. In 2008, there were approximatel...

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is the most important of brassica crops. In our study, we compare genetic structure two Czech TuMV populations sampled in country's 25-year interval presence. The 21 isolates, mainly infecting rutabaga and horseradish, were collected from four farms under organic production, nearly complete genome sequences, 9 596–9 787 nt length, obtained using Sanger sequencing for ...

Two models for the mechanism of retroviral recombination have been proposed: forced copy choice (minus-strand recombination) and strand displacement-assimilation (plus-strand recombination). Each minus-strand recombination event results in one template switch, whereas each plus-strand recombination event results in two template switches. Recombinant proviruses with one and more than one templat...

A current paradigm for visual function centers on the metarhodopsin I (MI) to metarhodopsin II (MII) conformational transition as the trigger for an intracellular enzyme cascade leading to excitation of the retinal rod. We investigated the influences of the membrane lipid composition on this key triggering event in visual signal transduction using flash photolysis techniques. Bovine rhodopsin w...

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) recombinants, namely AcRFP produced by fusion of the red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene with the polyhedrin gene, and a recombinant (pAcUW21-23GFP) carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in its viral envelope, were evaluated for their resistance to inactivation by ultraviolet light. AcRFP recombinants produced incomplete polyhe...

Recombination in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered to be rare. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of 1278 full-length HCV genome sequences to identify potential recombination events. Nine inter-genotype recombinants were identified, all of which have been previously reported. This confirms the rarity of inter-genotype HCV recombinants. The analysis also identified five inte...

The ability of pathogens to escape the host's immune response is crucial for the establishment of persistent infections and can influence virulence. Recombination has been observed to contribute to this process by generating novel genetic variants. Although distinctive recombination patterns have been described in many viral pathogens, little is known about the influence of biases in the recomb...