APOBEC3 proteins inhibit HIV-1 replication in experimental systems and induce hypermutation in infected patients; however, the relative contributions of several APOBEC3 proteins to restriction of HIV-1 replication in the absence of the viral Vif protein in human primary CD4(+) T cells and macrophages are unknown. We observed significant inhibition of HIV-1Δvif produced in 293T cells in the pres...

The neutralization of a4 integrin is currently used as treatment in several autoimmune diseases and is thought to prevent the entry of most immune cells in target tissues. In this study, we showed that selective deletion of a4 integrin in T cells did not prevent but delayed the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Whereas both Th1 and Th17 cells infiltrate the CNS of wild-t...

This paper presents a new Multiple Description Lattice Vector Quantization (MDLVQ) based on A4 lattice quantizers for multiple description coding abbreviated as MDLVQ-A4. The Coinciding similar A4 sublattices are used to quantize the input stream for multiple description coding system. The use of multiple coinciding quantizers eliminates the labeling function of the traditional schemes. Experim...

In Kirchheim-Magnani [7] the authors construct a left invariant distance ρ on the Heisenberg group such that the identity map id is 1-Lipschitz but it is not metrically differentiable anywhere. In this short note we give an interpretation of the Kirchheim-Magnani counterexample to metric differentiability. In fact we show that they construct something which fails shortly from being a dilatation...

We evaluated the ability of As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (PV) to remove As from As-contaminated soils over five harvests in 2.5 years in raised beds (162 kg soil/bed). We tested the hypothesis that a P-limiting environment would enhance PV growth and As uptake owing its unique ability to uptake P under As-rich environment. In Dec. 2009, PV was transplanted to three As-contaminated soils (...

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The p7-integrin subunit can pair with two a-chains, a4 and aE, and is expressed mainly on lymphocytes. As an a4-heterodimer it binds to the mucosal addressin MAdCAM-1, thus acting as a mucosal homing receptor. As an aE-heterodimer it binds to E-cadherin and is mainly found on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Consequently, p7 is mostly expressed on lymphocytes of the mucosal immune system...