Classical macrophage activation is inhibited by the CD200 receptor (CD200R). Here, we show that CD200R expression was specifically induced on human in vitro polarized macrophages of the alternatively activated M2a subtype, generated by incubation with IL-4 or IL-13. In mice, peritoneal M2 macrophages, elicited during infection with the parasites Taenia crassiceps or Trypanosoma brucei brucei, e...

The primary interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor complex on monocytes (type I IL-4 receptor) includes the 140-kDa alpha chain (IL-4R alpha) and the IL-2 receptor gamma chain, gamma(c), which heterodimerize for intracellular signaling, resulting in suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducible inflammatory mediator production. The activity of IL-13 on human monocytes is very similar to that of IL-4...

It has been proposed that the development of lung fibrosis is associated with a T helper type 2 response, mainly characterized by IL-4 and IL-13 production. We investigated the potential role of type 2 immune polarization in the silicotic process and examined the pulmonary response to silica particles in mice genetically deficient for IL-4. We found that IL-4(-/-) mice were not protected agains...

BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) 13 is a key cytokine in asthma, regulating fibrosis, airway remodeling, induction of immunoglobulin E synthesis by B cells, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and mucus production. IL-13 signals through the type II IL-4 receptor (IL-4R), which is composed of the IL-4Ralpha and the IL-13Ralpha1 chains. Another IL-13 binding chain, IL-13Ralpha2, binds IL-13 with high affin...

The pathogenesis of asthma reflects, in part, the activity of T cell cytokines. Murine models support participation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the IL-4 receptor in asthma. Selective neutralization of IL-13, a cytokine related to IL-4 that also binds to the alpha chain of the IL-4 receptor, ameliorated the asthma phenotype, including airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil recruitment, and mucus...

Interleukin (IL)-13 mediates its activities via a complex receptor system. Interleukin-13 receptor -1 chain (IL-13R 1) binds IL-13 with low affinity, but does not signal. However, when IL-13R 1 combines with IL-4 receptor (IL-4R ), a signaling high affinity receptor complex for IL-13 is generated. In contrast, IL-13R 2 alone binds IL-13 with high affinity, but does not signal and has been postu...

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The study was conducted to compare growth status, blood pressure, self esteem and intelligence of 200 low birthweight (LBW) and 224 normal birthweight (NBW) adolescents at 13 years of age. Intelligence scores at or below the 25th percentile (low performance) were observed among 51.4% LBW and 41.7% NBW adolescents (<0.05). Statistically significant lower scores for self esteem (mean difference 4...

BACKGROUND BL52 is located 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the L2 vertebra. The needling pathway includes the skin, subcutaneous tissue, latissimus dorsi muscle, intrinsic muscles of the back, quadratus lumborum muscle, the dorsal branches of the second lumbar artery and vein, and the lateral branches containing fibres from the second lumber spinal nerve. Deep perpen...

This paper describes the experiments of the State University of New York at Buffalo in TREC 13. We participated in the Genomics track and submitted official runs to the Adhoc retrieval task. Our approach uses a language model IR system developed in house. We also present unofficial results for the triage sub-task of categorization task.