The irreversible loss of estrogen (specifically 17-β-estradiol; E2) compromises whole-body glucose tolerance in women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is frequently prescribed to treat estrogen deficiency, but has several deleterious side effects. Exercise has been proposed as an HRT substitute, however, their relative abilities to treat glucose intolerance are unknown. Thirty ovariectomized ...

BACKGROUND Muscle-derived satellite cells (MDSCs) express MHC molecules intimately related to muscle function, which is supposed to be affected by local estrogen (E2) levels. However, cellular targets and molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. METHODS Genioglossus (GG) muscle tissues and MDSCs were derived from SHAM, ovariectomized or ovariectomized and 17 β-estradiol injected r...

The hypothesis that luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in prepubertal females is responsive to estradiol negative feedback and that decreased feedback occurs as puberty approaches was tested in heifers. In the first experiment, seven heifers were maintained prepubertal by dietary energy restriction until 508 days of age (Day 0). All heifers were placed on a high-energy diet on Day 0 at which ti...

introduction: due to the risks of hormones on human health and aquatic life, the aims of this study were to determine the efficiency of estrogen removal in the different stages of shiraz wastewater treatment plant using activated sludge process and marvdasht wastewater treatment plant using aerated lagoons process and also comparing the performance of both systems in removing the hormone of est...

There is much interest in the possible ameliorating effects of estrogen on various autoimmune diseases. We previously established the protective effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In the current study we investigated the effectiveness of oral treatment with ethinyl estradiol (EE) on EAE and the mechanisms involved. Ethinyl estradiol is a semisy...

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been linked to breast cancer development. Estrogen metabolic pathway is also involved in breast carcinogenesis and DNA adducts formation. In this study we investigated the effect of TNF-α on the estrogen metabolic pathway in MCF-7, a breast cancer cell line. Capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and H...

Many studies have demonstrated that premenopausal women are at increased risk for various pain disorders. Pain-sensing neurons, termed “nociceptors,” in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) express receptors for inflammatory mediators and noxious physical stimuli and transmit signals for central processing of pain sensation. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are also expressed on no...

Yun SP, Lee MY, Ryu JM, Song CH, Han HJ. Role of HIF-1 and VEGF in human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation by 17 estradiol: involvement of PKC, PI3K/Akt, and MAPKs. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 296: C317–C326, 2009. First published November 5, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00415.2008.—17 -Estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone well known for its roles in the regulation of various cell functions. Howeve...

Background: Estrogens include estoril (E3), estradiol and estrone (E1). These chemicals are produced in human and animal bodies as well as in synthetic chemicals (drugs). Estrogens can enter water sources in different ways. When these chemicals enter the human body through water and wastewater, they have the ability to mimic or disrupt the normal estrogen activities in humans and animals. Estro...

Drospirenone (DRSP), a progestin with antialdosterone activity, has been developed for hormone therapy in combination with 17-beta-estradiol (E2) in postmenopausal women. We evaluated the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of various doses of DRSP and E2 and estradiol alone in postmenopausal women with hypertension using ambulatory and clinic blood pressure (BP) monitoring. This was a randomi...