Dickie IA. 2007. Host preference, niches and fungal diversity. New Phytologist 174: 230–233. Fitter AH. 2006. What is the link between carbon and phosphorus fluxes in arbuscular mycorrhizas? A null hypothesis for symbiotic function. New Phytologist 172: 3–6. Govindarajulu M, Pfeffer PE, Jin H, Abubaker J, Douds DD, Allen JW, Bücking H, Lammers PJ, Shachar-Hill Y. 2005. Nitrogen transfer in the ...

The class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are polymorphic cell-surface glycoproteins that present antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes in the generation of immune responses. While much is known about the recognition and processing of antigens, the nature of T-cell recognition sites on MHC molecules is poorly understood. Both structural and functional studies have s...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a central proinflammatory cytokine, maintains immune homeostasis and also plays important roles in cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate any associations of IL-6 gene polymorphisms at positions -174 and -572 with predisposition to cervical cancer in a Chinese population. The present hospital- based case-control study comprised 518 patients with cervical cancer a...

In a structural model of the 2-kinase domain of the bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase based on the analogy with adenylate kinase, Lys-174, Asp-179 and Asp-191 residues are located in the putative active site. Asp-179 and Asp-191 are conserved in all known 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase sequences. In contrast, Lys-174 is conserved except in a yeast isoenzyme, fbp...

BACKGROUND Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to associate with pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the role of IL-4 and IL-6 genetic polymorphisms in RA remains unknown. METHOD A total of 752 unrelated Chinese patients with RA and 798 healthy Chinese volunteers with no family histories of any autoimmune diseases were recruited. The promoter IL-4-...

UNLABELLED ABSTRACT Purpose: Knowledge about the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias in children is limited. Several studies have suggested a relationship between plasma IL-6 levels and/or the -174G>C IL-6 gene polymorphism and atrial fibrillation in adults. Our present study was performed to investigate whether serum IL-6, -174G>C IL-6 polymorphism and C-reactive protein (C...

INTRODUCTION TO THE LOGIC OF SOCIAL DILEMMAS ............................ 170 PROPOSALS FOR ELICITING COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR.............................. 174 Changing the Payoffs.................................................................................................. 174 From Payoffs to Utilities ..............................................................................................

II. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS .............................173 A. Mining Diamond ......................................................................173 B. The Bayh-Dole Act ...................................................................174 C. Gene Patents ............................................................................174 D. Research Tools and Experimental Use .......

The natural DNA sequence of bacteriophage, phi X174, when analyzed as a "text" of dinucleotides, is shown to display an easily detectable degree of non-randomness by the distribution of values of dinucleotide self-information along the sequence. Self-information corresponding to occurrences of dinucleotides separated by a single nucleotide is found to be somewhat higher than the values which pr...

Genomes of the closely related bacteriophages phiX174 and S13 are 5386 bases long and differ at 114 nucleotides, affecting 28 amino acids. Both parental phages were adapted to laboratory culture conditions in replicate lineages and analysed for nucleotide changes that accumulated experimentally Of the 126 experimental substitutions, 90% encoded amino-acid changes, and 62% of the substitutions o...