Regional soil moisture distributions and changes are critical for agricultural production and environmental modeling. Currently, hundreds of satellite sensors exist with different soil moisture observation capabilities. However, multi-sensor collaborative observation mechanisms for improving regional soil moisture monitoring capabilities are lacking. In this study, a Spatial pattern and Tempora...

Frequency estimation of social facts in two methods of judgment elicitation was investigated. In the “narrow-range” condition, subjects answered questions in the format: “Out of 100 incidents, how many belong to category X?” In the “wide-range” condition, the frequency for the same event was assessed with respect to “Out of 10,000.” Judged frequencies in the wide-range condition were divided by...

Judgment aggregation problems are language dependent in that they may be framed in different yet equivalent ways. We formalize this dependence via the notion of translation invariance, adopted from the philosophy of science, and we argue for its normative desirability. We show that in the canonical judgment aggregation model, no reasonable judgment aggregation functions are translation invarian...

The new …eld of judgment aggregation aims to …nd collective judgments on logically interconnected propositions. Recent impossibility results establish limitations on the possibility to vote independently on the propositions. I show that, fortunately, the impossibility results do not apply to a wide class of realistic agendas once propositions like “if a then b” are adequately modelled, namely a...

Moral development is always measured by some standards and values. These standards typically originate in the value system of Western middle classes as most researchers and test makers have a Western middle class background. Therefore, we must ask whether the use of these tests in other classes and cultures is meaningful and whether a comparison across class and culture boundaries is fair. Obvi...

In this paper, we introduce a logic to reason about group actions for groups that are defined by means of the majority rule. It is well known that majoritarian aggregation is subject to irrationality, as the results in social choice theory and judgment aggregation show. The logic of action that we use here for modelling group actions is based on a substructural propositional logic that allows f...

In response to the judgement-proofness problem many countries consider the extension of liability for environmental damages to lenders to wealth-constrained, environmentally risky businesses. We analyze a simple model of vicarious liability and show that using the deep pockets of lenders for liability enhances safety only if the lender has high bargaining power when bargaining with a ̄rm about ...

In the theory of judgment aggregation, it is known for which agendas of propositions it is possible to aggregate individual judgments into collective ones in accordance with the Arrow-inspired requirements of universal domain, collective rationality, unanimity preservation, non-dictatorship and propositionwise independence. But it is only partially known (e.g., only in the monotonic case) for w...

This paper offers a paraconsistent logical framework for analyzing collective judgments. The framework presented is useful for clarifying the extent to which various propositions (and inferences based on those propositions) are proportionally true in group-discourse settings. Formally, this task is called judgment aggregation, which attempts to answer the following question (posed by Christian ...

Aggregating the judgments of a group of agents regarding a set of interdependent propositions can lead to inconsistent outcomes. One of the parameters involved is the agenda, the set of propositions on which agents are asked to express an opinion. We introduce the problem of checking the safety of the agenda: for a given agenda, can we guarantee that judgment aggregation will never produce an i...