In this paper, we propose an expert-system based parallel multi-1-dimensional block matching algorithm (ESPM-1D-BMA) for motion estimation (ME). Instead of the conventional 2D block matching, we employ the parallel multi-1D blocks matching to improve the computing speed. To improve the ME accuracy, we design a knowledge base and inference engine to determine the true motion vector (MV) from the...

Our understanding of the neural underpinnings of perception is largely built upon studies employing 2-dimensional (2D) planar images. Here we used slow event-related functional imaging in humans to examine whether neural populations show a characteristic repetition-related change in haemodynamic response for real-world 3-dimensional (3D) objects, an effect commonly observed using 2D images. As ...

In the study of interphase chromosome organization, genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) maps are often generated using 2-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures. These 2D cells have morphological deviations from cells that exist in 3-dimensional (3D) tissues in vivo, and may not maintain the same chromosome conformation. We used Hi-C maps to test the extent of differences in chromoso...

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) methods such as two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE; O’Farrell (1975)) and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE; Ünlü et al. (1997)) are popular techniques for protein separation because they allow researchers to characterize quantitative protein changes on a large scale. Thus, 2-DE is frequently used as an in...

One new coordination polymer, namely, [Cd3(H2L)3(Pza)2(H2O)2]n (1) was synthesized by the reaction of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O with 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene (H2L) and 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid (H3pza) and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The H3pza ligand was completely deprotonated to pza3−, which bridge...

This paper introduces modified versions of the K-Means (KM) and Moving K-Means (MKM) clustering algorithms, called the Two-Dimensional K-Means (2D-KM) and Two-Dimensional Moving KMeans (2D-MKM) algorithms respectively. The performances of these two proposed algorithms are compared with three of the commonly used conventional clustering algorithms, namely K-Means (KM), Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), and M...

The two-dimensional (2D) quasi-geostrophic (QG) equation is a 2D model of the 3D incompressible Euler equations, and its dissipative version includes an extra term bearing the operator (−∆)α with α ∈ [0, 1]. Existing research appears to indicate the criticality of α = 1 2 in the sense that the issue of global existence for the 2D dissipative QG equation becomes extremely difficult when α ≤ 1 2 ...

We analyze harmonic generation in a two-dimensional (2D) chi((2)) photonic crystal and demonstrate the possibility of multiple phase matching and multicolor parametric frequency conversion. We suggest a new type of photonic structure to achieve simultaneous generation of several harmonics; we also present both general analytical results and design parameters for 2D periodically poled LiNbO(3) s...

Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography has been shown to be an accurate and appropriate tool for measurement of gallbladder volume in humans. Therefore, we applied this novel technique for the first time to study fasting and postprandial gallbladder volume in 10 healthy dogs and compared the results with those of 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography. Fasting gallbladder volumes determined by 3D u...