BACKGROUND Globally, in children the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, and this is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. There is a need to examine the growing trends of overweight and obesity in children and their consequences in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of, and determine the relationship ...

BACKGROUND Hypoglycaemia is a well recognized complication of falciparum malaria in children but its diagnosis may be overlooked because all the clinical features may be mimicked by severe malaria. To determine the prevalence of hypoglycaemia at the point of hospital admission of under-fives with falciparum malaria and identify its risk factors in patients seen in a Nigerian secondary-health-ca...

Background Vitamin D supplementation has been suggested as a part of an interdisciplinary approach for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents. This study aimed to compare vitamin D serum levels in Iranian children with chronic musculoskeletal pain with and without hypermobility. Materials and Methods: </s...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the caries prevalence and treatment needs of Brazilian indigenous residents on an Indian reservation. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 1 461 individuals of ages 18-36 months and 5, 12, 15-19, 35-44, and 65-74 years living in the Potiguara Indian villages of Brazil. Decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and deciduous teeth ...

  Introduction : Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative bacterium causing a variety of respiratory infections in developing countries, especially in children. Nasopharynx carriers of H. influenzae are the prominent source and transitional vectors of invasive diseases. As very limited information on H. influenzae carriage rate in Iran was available, an evaluation on prevalence of this bacteri...

METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 12-36 month old toddlers from randomly selected registered crèches in Cape Town. Parents of eligible children in the crèche completed a questionnaire and the children had skin prick tests (SPT) for cow’s milk, egg, soya, wheat, peanut, hazelnut and fish (cod). Participants with SPT test >1 mm, who were not tolerant to that food had an OFC to assess ...

This study investigated the hypothesis that background television affects interactions between parents and very young children. Fifty-one 12-, 24-, and 36-month-old children, each accompanied by 1 parent, were observed for 1 hr of free play in a laboratory space resembling a family room. For half of the hour, an adult-directed television program played in the background on a monaural television...