This paper shows that the gender and age of the wage-setter are crucial determinants of the disparity in wages between sexes. We document our findings using a dataset on compensation of corporate officers that is uniquely suited for this analysis because officer wages are set by chief executive officers. We show that CEOs pay officers of the opposing gender less than officers of their own gende...

Acharya, Myers, and Rajan (2009) theorize that self-serving actions and rent extraction by CEOs can be constrained by subordinate managers when the managers’ efforts are needed in production. This force, which they call internal governance, works best when the CEO and the managers are both important to firm output, in the sense that their relative contributions to firm value are balanced. We em...

Why do some chief executive officers (CEOs) appoint sustainability (CSOs) for their firms while others not? We answer this question by examining CEOs' attention allocation to competition stakeholders' approval, which can be triggered both industry peers' corporate social responsibility (CSR) and irresponsibility (CSiR). An increase in CSR triggers observing that peers have improved thus pose a ...

Background and Objectives: The healthcare organization are often fail to realize their strategic goals due to the lack of effective leadership. To address this efficiency, factors can possibly influence the management performance should be identified. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate hospital managers’ leadership style and explore the relationship between leadership style in hosp...

INTRODUCTION Regional or state studies in the USA have documented shortages of rural physicians and other healthcare professionals that can impact on access to health services. The purpose of this study was to determine whether rural hospital chief executive officers (CEOs) in the USA report shortages of health professions and to obtain perceptions about factors influencing recruiting and reten...

Purpose: Unethical behaviors such as fraud are continuously hurting organisations. Although internal auditors expected to report unethical behaviours, fraud, when witnessed, some remain silent for fear of retaliation. Drawing on upper-echelon theory, this study examines whether the chief executive officer's (CEO's) openness is associated with auditors’ moral courage speak out ethical concerns.D...

First impressions are powerful and rich sources of information about other people, and studies have demonstrated that they predict performance in numerous domains, such as teaching (Ambady & Rosenthal, 1993) and electoral success (Todorov, Mandisodza, Goren, & Hall, 2005). Much of this work, however, has employed outcome variables that are subjective. For example, in the study of teacher effect...

The purpose of this work is to analyse the preferences Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) in relation different components incentive systems: financial vs. non-financial. systems could be an instrument for sustainable development Firms. Upper Echelons Theory establishes that traits executives affect decision-making processes, and among these traits, narcissism a potentially influential factor proc...

background and objectives: the healthcare organization are often fail to realize their strategic goals due to the lack of effective leadership. to address this efficiency, factors can possibly influence the management performance should be identified. thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate hospital managers’ leadership style and explore the relationship between leadership style in hosp...