This paper describes the results of a study on the influence of smoothing window length on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of electromyogram (EMG) amplitude estimates. In a previous experiment, surface EMG waveforms were recorded for non-fatiguing, constant-force, isometric contraction of the biceps and triceps muscles. Based on these data, four different EMG processors were studied using smoot...

Frank Sauer,† David A. Wassarman,*† 1995b). Bicoid is part of a cascade of transcription factors that controls the formation of a segmented body Gerald M. Rubin, and Robert Tjian Howard Hughes Medical Institute plan in the early Drosophila embryo (Jäckle and Sauer, 1993). The bicoid gene (bcd) encodes a homeodomain Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California protein that f...

Estimating brain wiring patterns is critical to better understand the brain organization and function. Anatomical brain connectivity models axonal pathways, while the functional brain connectivity characterizes the statistical dependencies and correlation between the activities of various brain regions. The synchronization of brain activity can be inferred through the variation of blood-oxygen-...

BACKGROUND As the incidence and prevalence of prostate cancer continue to rise, the number of men needing help and support to assist them in coping with disease and treatment-related symptoms and their psychosocial effects is likely to increase. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer in improving quality of life (QoL), self-efficacy...

We discuss a novel method for generating octave-spanning supercontinua and few-cycle pulses in the important mid-IR wavelength range. The technique relies on strongly phase-mismatched cascaded second-harmonic generation (SHG) in mid-IR nonlinear frequency conversion crystals. Importantly we here investigate the so-called noncritical SHG case, where no phase matching can be achieved but as a com...

To compare the identity of the primary structure of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 between miniature pigs and humans, two cDNA clones, coding for miniature pig CYP2D21 and CYP3A22, were isolated. The deduced amino acid sequences of CYP2D21 and CYP3A22 were 78.3 and 75.0% identical to human CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, respectively. These values were nearly the same as those of bovine, dog, and some ro...

Nitric oxide (NO) can be produced in large amounts by upregulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). iNOS is induced in many cell types by pro-inflammatory agents, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines. Overproduction by endothelial cells (EC) may contribute to vascular diseases. In contrast to macrophages, murine aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) produced no NO in response to e...

Sex-lethal ( Sxl) gene products induce female development in Drosophila melanogaster and suppress the transcriptional hyperactivation of X-linked genes responsible for male X-chromosome dosage compensation. Control of Sxl functioning by the dose of X-chromosomes normally ensures that the female-specific functions of this developmental switch gene are only expressed in diplex individuals. Althou...

•Three independent pathways linked male chimpanzee sociality and siring success•Alphas, but not others with high rank, sired a disproportionate share of offspring•Subordinates strong bonds the alpha had better success•Subordinates many ties to other subordinates success In most mammals, fitness is strongly shaped by competitive access mates, non-shareable resource. How, then, did selection favo...

Human PrP (huPrP) is a high-affinity receptor for oligomeric amyloid β (Aβ) protein aggregates. Binding of Aβ oligomers to membrane-anchored huPrP has been suggested trigger neurotoxic cell signaling in Alzheimer’s disease, while an N-terminal soluble fragment can sequester and reduce their toxicity. Synthetic species are known be heterogeneous, dynamic, transient, rendering structural investig...