An increased risk of HIV-1 associated dementia (HAD) has been observed in patients abusing methamphetamine (METH). Since both HIV viral proteins (gp120, Tat) and METH induce oxidative stress, drug abusing patients are at a greater risk of oxidative stress-induced damage. The objective of this study was to determine if N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) protects the blood brain barrier (BBB) from oxi...

Methamphetamine (METH), a highly addictive drug used worldwide, induces oxidative stress in various animal organs. Recent animal studies indicate that methamphetamine also induces oxidative stress in the retina, which is an embryonic extension of the forebrain. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the protecttive effects of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) against oxidative stress ind...

The tonal noise generated at the tip is a major contribution to aerodynamic by three-dimensional airfoils. One way reduce this use of end plates, which was investigated in present study for three different circular plate geometries applied cambered NACA 4412 airfoil with aspect ratio 2 and forced boundary layer transition. Microphone array measurements were performed small aeroacoustic wind tun...

This study aims to produce a Fixed Wing-Vertical Takeoff Landing (FW-VTOL) design that has good aerodynamic characteristics on its wing and fuselage. The process begins with determining the Design Requirement Objective (DRO). According DRO, aircraft is designed be able operate at speeds of 14 m/s an altitude 120 m (cruise phase) above ground level. Maximum Weight (MTOW) planned estimated using ...

Airfoils pitching in the stalled regime have been of keen interest recent years due to their desirable aerodynamic force characteristics. In this study, we are numerically investigating unsteady flow past a NACA 0012 airfoil under sinusoidally motion, using finite volume based sharp interface immersed boundary solver. The is investigated low Reynolds number (Re=3000) for reduced frequencies 0.1...

The present study investigates the efficacy of sinusoidal trailing-edge (TE) serrations as a passive means for reductions airfoil broadband noise, theoretically and experimentally. Comprehensive parametric studies were conducted to determine effect serration amplitudes wavelengths on noise reduction performance National Advisory Committee Aeronautics (NACA) airfoil. Initially, paper shows use (...

The inverse problem in the tangent gas approximation is considered. An exact method for designing airfoils is presented. Constraints on the speed distribution are easily implemented. A simple numerical algorithm which is fast and accurate is presented. Comparison of designed airfoils using the tangent gas method with exact Euler results is found to be excellent for subcritical flows.

There is an ongoing debate on the mechanism underlying the pacemaker activity of sinoatrial node (SAN) cells, focusing on the relative importance of the "membrane clock" and the "Ca(2+) clock" in the generation of the small net membrane current that depolarizes the cell towards the action potential threshold. Specifically, the debate centers around the question whether the membrane clock-driven...

Despite the generally accepted notion that geometric variability is undesirable in turbomachinery airfoils, little is known in detail about its impact on aerothermal compressor performance. In this work, statistical and probabilistic techniques were used to assess the impact of geometric and operating condition uncertainty on axial compressor performance. High-fidelity models of geometric varia...