The world is currently in the midst of the greatest demographic upheaval in human history. Dramatic reductions in mortality, followed (but with a lag) by equally marked reductions in fertility, resulted in a doubling of world population between 1960 and 2000. A further increase of 2 to 4.5 billion is projected for the current half-century, with the increase concentrated in the world's least dev...

Background & Aims: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector – borne disease and at present it is one of the important health problems in tropical and sub - tropical countries including Iran. Due to imposed expenses to the people and government, this study was performed to evaluate the cost – effectiveness of cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment in the years after the earthquake in Bam/Iran. Method...

the objective of this study was to develop a cost minimizing pattern for cube sugar and sugar transportation from production centers to refinement and storage centers and finally to distribution and consumption  centers in  fars province. producing centers are marvdasht (27.3%), eghlid (27.9%), fasa (11.3%), kavar (7.3%) and mamasani (20.2%). some of the province’s cube sugar and sugar is provi...

II. PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA L. (REED CANARY GRASS) AS AN INVASIVE SPECIES ................................ 417 A. General Features of Reed Canary Grass in Its Native Range ............................................................................ 417 B. The Repeated Introductions of Reed Canary Grass and Its Subsequent Invasion in North America ...................... 417 C. Ecological Impacts of...

water scarcity in iran has worsened as a result of population growth, increasing pollution, poor water management practices, and climate change. using proper utilization and management of wastewater can provide the ability to cope with pollution threats and take the opportunity to benefit from the new sources of water. in this study, the impact of water scarcity on the production and macroecono...

objective: the main objective of this research was the economic valuation of public library services using the contingent valuation. although, estimating the average willingness to pay for public library service, demographics on the willingness to pay, and economic valuation and pricing public library services were other objectives that investigated in this study. methodology: explanatory varia...