Geese are large, herbivorous birds that graze in huge flocks in ways that may have a considerable impact on vegetation. This is exemplified best in two subspecies of snow geese, the lesser and the greater, both of which have increased dramatically in numbers in recent decades. In arctic coastal salt marshes, moderate goose grazing on Puccinellia phryganodes enhances plant production, but if it ...

An investigation was carried out at the Muda rice fields, Peninsular Malaysia during four consecutive seasons of 2004 and 2005 to study the seasonal variation in the weed seedbank. Species composition with their dominance ranking and similarity between the species were recorded. A total of 577 seeds/sample (3337 seeds/m ) in 1/2004, 970 seeds/sample (5659 seeds/m ) in 2/2004, 928 seeds/sample (...

Crenarchaeal 16S rRNA sequences constituted over 70% of the archaeal clones recovered from three salt marsh sites dominated by different grasses. Group I.1a Crenarchaeota dominated at two sites, while group I.3b Crenarchaeota sequences were most abundant at a third site. Abundances of 16S rRNA genes related to "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus" differed by site and sampling date.

A survey of the extracellular ATP levels of 86 heterotrophic bacteria showed that gram-negative bacteria of the genera Sulfitobacter, Staleya, and Marinobacter secreted elevated amounts of extracellular ATP, ranging from 6.0 to 9.8 pM ATP/colony forming unit (cfu), and that gram-positive bacteria of the genera Kocuria and Planococcus secreted up to 4.1 pM ATP/cfu. Variations in the levels of ex...

Soil disturbance has been widely recognized as an important factor influencing the structure and dynamics of plant communities. Although soil reworkers were shown to increase habitat complexity and raise the risk of plant invasion, their role in regulating the interactions between native and invasive species remains unclear. We proposed that crab activities, via improving soil nitrogen availabi...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether state medical licensure application questions (MLAQs) about mental health are related to physicians' reluctance to seek help for a mental health condition because of concerns about repercussions to their medical licensure. METHODS In 2016, we collected initial and renewal medical licensure application forms from 50 states and the District of Columbia. We coded M...

PRL/v98/e113602. Chen, S., Y.-A. Chen, T. Strassel, Z.-S. Yuan, B. Zhao,J. Schmiedmayer, and J.-W. Pan, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett.97(17), 173004, URL http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v97/e173004.Chen, S., Y.-A. Chen, B. Zhao, Z.-S. Yuan, J. Schmiedmayer,and J.-W. Pan, 2007a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(18), 180505, URL http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v99/e180505. Chen, Y.-A., S. Chen, ...