The objective of the present work was to develop a metered dose spray formulation for transdermal delivery of oxybutynin and to carry out the in vitro characterization of the optimized formulation. Oxybutynin release from a series of ethanol/acetone/methylal based formulations was assessed in vitro and the developed formulation was used for delivery from a metered dose spray. Various qualitativ...

A modern agricultural method of cultivating mustard greens and watercress with a hydroponic system in pilot greenhouse has been implemented by group farmers Cisauk-Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. The characteristic tropical climate south the equator causes high temperatures humidity greenhouse. This study aims to control temperature using misting so that are not more than 33 °C 85%, respectively....

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of saline solution, bupivacaine, lidocaine and tramadol infiltration on wound healing in rats. METHOD Thirty-two male Wistar Albino rats were randomly separated into four groups, receiving 3 mL saline solution in control group (Group C, n=8), 3 mL of 2% lidocaine in lidocaine group (Group L, n=8), 3 mL of 0.5% bupi...

• Sitz Baths — Fill your tub with about 6 inches of warm water and sit in the tub for 10 to 15 minutes at least 2 to 3 times each day. Th e warm water increases the fl ow of blood to the perineum, which helps the area heal. • Rosemary Tea — Make a tea with dried rosemary leaves by pouring very hot water over about 3 tablespoons of the leaves. You can buy these leaves in bulk at many grocery sto...

PURPOSE To compare the postoperative analgesic effects of lidocaine, morphine and lidocaine plus morphine administered by constant rate infusion (CRI) and analyzing their effects on opioid requirements after orthopedic surgery in dogs. METHODS Twenty-four dogs underwent fracture repairs were premedicated with IM acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) combined with morphine (0.3mg/kg). Anesthesia was induc...

This study describes methods developed for reliable quantification of sizeand element-specific release of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) from consumer spray products. A modified glove box setup was designed to allow controlled spray experiments in a particle-minimized environment. Time dependence of the particle size distribution in a size range of 10–500 nm and ENP release rates were studied u...