Mathematical formulae for the sampling variances of average heterozygosity and NEI'S genetic distance are developed. These sampling variances are decomposed into their two components, i.e. the inter-locus and intra-locus variances. The relationship between the number of loci and the number of individuals per locus to be examined for estimating average heterozygosity and genetic distance is also...

Population structure and relationship information among goats is critical for genetic improvement, utilization, conservation. This study explored population level of introgression four goat breeds in Kenya: the indigenous Galla (n = 12) three imported breeds, Alpine 29), Toggenburg 31), Saanen 24). Genetic diversity was analyzed using indices (polymorphic SNPs, mean allele frequency, observed e...

Common kilka Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) is a brackish water and small pelagic fish species and is one of the most abundant fishes that live gregariously in the Caspian Sea. A total of 60 specimens of adult common kilka were sampled from two seasons. Fifteen pairs of microsatellites previously developed for A.sapidissima, C. pallasi, C.harengus, and S. pilchardus were tested for ...

Nuclear markers such as microsatellites have allowed the identification of conservation and management populations of the Hawksbill turtles. In present study, eight microsatellite loci were studied. 60 samples of hawksbill turtles. flipper from Shidvar and Hormuz Islands have been surgically removed and preserved in 20% DMSO buffer. DNA was extracted using DNP KIT and amplified by PCR methods. ...

Tea is one of the most popular beverages across the world and is made exclusively from cultivars of Camellia sinensis. Many wild relatives of the genus Camellia that are closely related to C. sinensis are native to Southwest China. In this study, we first identified the distinct genetic divergence between C. sinensis and its wild relatives and provided a glimpse into the artificial selection of...

Blood samples of Mazandaran native chickens were collected. A total of 90 genomic DNAs were isolated through optimized and modified salting-out procedure. The samples were used in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with 20 micro satellite markers. Amplified PCR-products with the markers were separated on 8% denaturing polyacrylamide gel. One locus (MCW216) was monomorphic. According to allele freq...

a set of 18 simple sequence repeat (ssr) primer pairs was employed to assess the genetic diversity in a collection of 52 melon genotypes that consisted of 24 melon accessions representing different horticultural groups of iranian cultivated melons, along with 28 reference accessions from diverse foreign geographical origins. all the studied ssr loci were polymorphic, confirming their potential ...

With support from the Global Fund, the United States President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) and other cooperating partners, Malawi is implementing a comprehensive malaria control programme involving indoor residual spraying in targeted districts, universal coverage with insecticide-treated bed nets, use of rapid diagnostic tests to confirm the clinical diagnosis of malaria and use of the highly e...

In study, spherical Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized by chemical reduction method from a metal precursor silver nitrate in presence of an anionic surfactant and strong reducing agent. In this experimental work, SNPs are synthesized in presence of different concentration of stabilizing agent and effect of stabilizing agent on size distribution of SNPs have been observed. Further anti...

We have developed eight high-quality microsatellite DNA loci for the saltmarsh sharp-tailed sparrow and one additional locus with evidence of null alleles. In a sample of 250-350 individuals, the average number of alleles per locus was 14.7 and average observed heterozygosity was 0.80. These loci were tested in three additional species of emberizid sparrows, indicating that more than half of th...