This is an elaboration of a talk held at the workshop on the standard model of particle physics in Hesselberg, March 1999. You may think of a real structure on a spectral triple as a generalisation of the charge conjugation operator acting on spinors over an even dimensional manifold. The charge conjugation operator is, in fact, an important example and will be treated in detail below. The foll...

and Applied Analysis 3 Generalized derivations first appeared in the context of operator algebras 7 . Later, these were introduced in the framework of pure algebra 8, 9 . Definition 1.1. LetA be an algebra and let X be anA-bimodule. A linear mapping d : A → X is called i derivation if d ab d a b ad b , for all a, b ∈ A; ii generalized derivation if there exists a derivation in the usual sense δ...

Let A be a ring and MA the category of A-modules. It is well known in module theory that for any A-bimodule B, B is an A-ring if and only if the functor − ⊗A B : MA → MA is a monad (or triple). Similarly, an A-bimodule C is an A-coring provided the functor − ⊗A C : MA → MA is a comonad (or cotriple). The related categories of modules (or algebras) of −⊗A B and comodules (or coalgebras) of − ⊗A ...

Let $T=\bigl(\begin{smallmatrix}A&0\U\&B\end{smallmatrix}\bigr)$ be a formal triangular matrix ring, where $A$ and $B$ are rings $U$ is $(B, A)$-bimodule. We prove: (1) If $U\_{A}$ ${B}U$ have finite flat dimensions, then left $T$-module $\bigl(\begin{smallmatrix}M\_1\ M\_2\end{smallmatrix}\bigr){\varphi^{M}}$ Ding projective if only $M\_1$ $M\_2/{\operatorname{im}(\varphi^{M})}$ the morphism $...

The theory of M-ideals and multiplier mappings of Banach spaces naturally generalizes to left (or right) M-ideals and multiplier mappings of operator spaces. These subspaces and mappings are intrinsically characterized in terms of the matrix norms. In turn this is used to prove that the algebra of left adjointable mappings of a dual operator space X is a von Neumann algebra. If in addition X is...

The theory of M-ideals and multiplier mappings of Banach spaces naturally generalizes to left (or right) M-ideals and multiplier mappings of operator spaces. These subspaces and mappings are intrinsically characterized in terms of the matrix norms. In turn this is used to prove that the algebra of left adjointable mappings of a dual operator space X is a von Neumann algebra. If in addition X is...

Let A ⊂M be a MASA in a II1 factor M. We describe the von Neumann subalgebra of M generated by A and its normalizer N (A) as the set Nw q (A) consisting of those elements m ∈M for which the bimodule AmA is discrete. We prove that two MASAs A and B are conjugate by a unitary u ∈ Nw q (A) iff A is discrete over B and B is discrete over A in the sense defined by Feldman and Moore [5]. As a consequ...

For a Banach algebra $A$, $A''$ is $(-1)$-Weakly amenable if $A'$ is a Banach $A''$-bimodule and $H^1(A'',A')={0}$. In this paper, among other things,  we study the relationships between the $(-1)$-Weakly amenability of $A''$ and the weak amenability of $A''$ or $A$. Moreover, we show that the second dual of every $C^ast$-algebra is $(-1)$-Weakly amenable.