The present study used experimental infections to compare the life cycles and life histories of 6 Rhabdias spp. infecting snakes and anurans. Free-living development of anuran lungworms was primarily limited to heterogonic reproduction, and females utilized matricidal endotoky exclusively, whereas snake lungworms primarily reproduced homogonically and, when heterogonic reproduction occurred, fe...

We encountered a dead southern black racer snake (Coluber constrictor priapus) coiled around a dead Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). We suggest the owl was strangled by the snake before the snake died of wounds inflicted by the owl. There are previous reports of intense physical struggle between Great Horned Owls (and other raptors) and large constrictors but this is the first documented re...

a case of myiasis due to musca domestica describes in pseudocerastes persicus for the first time. the snake was found in bari karafs, kashan, iran, with a lesion on its body. fourteen live larvae of m. domestica removed from its wound. this is the first report of a new larval habitat of m. domestica .

Snake bite is one of the most neglected public health issues in poor rural communities living in the tropics. Because of serious misreporting, the true worldwide burden of snake bite is not known. South Asia is the world's most heavily affected region, due to its high population density, widespread agricultural activities, numerous venomous snake species and lack of functional snake bite contro...

This paper addresses the theoretical modeling of the dynamics of a pressure-operated soft snake robot. An accurate dynamic model is a fundamental requirement for optimization, control, navigation, and learning algorithms for a mobile robot that can undergo serpentine locomotion. Such algorithms can be readily implemented for traditional rigid robots, but remain a challenge for nonlinear and low...

Snake venom can cause local tissue damage and lead to coagulopathy, shock, neurotoxicity and acute kidney injury. Hypopituitarism is a rare complication following snake bite. It has been described following Russell's viper bite from Burma and South India. Herein we describe a patient who presented with severe thyrotoxicosis and partial hypopituitarism following snake bite.

BACKGROUND The pathogenic mechanism of snake-bite induced acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. Analyzing the risk factors for snake-bite induced AKI may provide the guidance needed for AKI prevention and early treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included 119 snake-bite patients who were hospitalized at the emergency department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital f...

Common techniques for the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been successful, and thus the design and discovery of new compounds with better anti-cancer function are needed. Snake venom is among the most important compounds used by researchers to the treatment of various cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the toxicity effect of Persian Gulf snake venom (Enhydrina sch...

A snake (of length L) is a (continuous) piecewise C1-curve S : [0, L] → R, parameterized by arc-length and whose “tail” is at the origin (S(0) = 0). Charming a snake consists in having it move in such a way that its “snout” S(L) follows a chosen C1-curve γ(t). The snake charmer algorithm, initiated in [Ha2] for polygonal snakes and developed in [Ro] in the general case, works as follows. The in...

This paper presents an analysis of snake locomotion that explains how non-uniform viscous ground friction conditions enable snake robots to locomote forward on a planar surface. The explanation is based on a simple mapping from link velocities normal to the direction of motion into propulsive forces in the direction of motion. From this analysis, a controller for a snake robot is proposed. A Po...