Cognitive Radio (CR) has risen as a tempting solution to the problem of spectral inefficiency as it performs sensing of the radio environment, sharing it without harmful interference to Primary Users (PU) and quickly quitting the frequency band if the corresponding licensed user emerges. Spectrum Sensing is the most crucial task for the establishment of cognitive radio based communication mecha...

The color in the pigment of the stain is caused when molecules absorb light in the visible wavelength range (400-780 nm) [10]. The wavelengths that are not absorbed will be reflected instead and are visible to the human eye. For example, red wine stains are red because the molecules absorb every wavelength that is not in the red range, and the red wavelengths (500-600 nm) are then reflected to ...

This paper develops an affine term structure for the valuation of money market funds. This valuation framework is then used to consider the economic implications of funds that are supported by a capital buffer. The main findings are twofold. First, relatively small capital buffers are capable of absorbing daily fluctuations between a fund’s shadow price and its amortized cost. For example, a fu...