accounting is a social knowledge which is inherently related to the environment, values and economic, social and cultural norms of the society where it is used.thus it is better to consider the requirements, conditions and qualities of the target society when using the theoretical framework and standards of financial reporting. therefore, according to some researchers, the unconditional use of ...

accountant working in the private or public sector companies must remain impartial and loyal to ethical guidelines when reviewing a company or individuals financial records for reporting purposes. people are expecting a lot from the professional community and the quality of the complex services provided by the accounting profession have confidence. of the information provided by accountants sho...

After adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for consolidated financial statements by European-listed companies, a number of European countries still require the use of local standards in the preparation of legal entity financial statements. This study investigates whether this requirement can be explained by a low demand for high-quality financial reporting and an orien...

This study presents empirical evidence concerning the effect of different accounting standard on earnings management. Prior studies have shown that accounting standards influence earnings management. Tighter accounting standards regime restricts management’s descretion to manipulate accruals, and at the same time, induce more costly real earnings management activities. To investigate this iss...

OBJECTIVES To contrast pharmacy benefit management (PBM) companies' measured profitability by using two accounting standards. The first accounting standard is that which, under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), PBMs are currently allowed to employ. The second accounting standard, seemingly more congruent with the PBM business model, treats the PBM as an agent of the plan sponsor....

Accountant working in the private or public sector companies must remain impartial and loyal to ethical guidelines when reviewing a company or individuals financial records for reporting purposes. People are expecting a lot from the professional community and the quality of the complex services provided by the accounting profession have confidence. Of The information provided by accountants sho...

When transactions have multiple attributes, achieving uniformity in their classification depends on whether similarities or dissimilarities are of interest; uniformity with respect to both is not possible. The pursuit of uniform written standards at the expense of social norms diminishes the effectiveness of financial reporting in stewardship and governance, and in keeping the security markets ...

In recent years accounting researchers have identified “political” lobbying as a problem for accounting standard setting. This paper presents a simple game-theoretic analysis of the political process to identify situations where companies have incentives to lobby the political principal instead of participating in the usual due process of accounting standard setting. Analysis of the model sugge...