Ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements were performed at Tsukuba, Japan (36.1 N, 140.1 E), in November–December 2006. By analyzing the measured spectra of scattered sunlight with DOAS and optimal estimation methods, we first retrieve the aerosol optical depth (τ ) and the vertical profile of the aerosol extinction coefficient (k) at 476 nm i...

Investigation on Seedling Emergence from Direct Seeding of Quercus Persica, Pistacia Atlantica and Acer Cineracens in Natural Conditions Ilam, Dalab Forests

Logging-induced changes from preindustrial (1930) to current conditions (2002) were studied in a landscape covering 13 550 ha in eastern Quebec. Age and types of forest cover were compared between 1930 and 2002 forest maps. In addition, we compared relative species abundance between living stems and coarse woody debris to study these changes at the stand scale. More than 90% of the 1930 preindu...

1. ACER 2013. Capacity remuneration mechanisms and the internal market for electricity. Google Scholar

Analisis ini mempunyai tujuan untuk melihat apakah Kualitas Poduk serta Citra Merek akan memengaruhi keputusan pelanggan membeli Laptop Acer. Lalu populasi di analisis yakni Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur yang menggunakan Teknik pengambilan sampel dipakai non probability sampling lalu teknik responden dengan cara accidental sampling. Sampling ada pada sebanyak 75...

Leaf mass per area (LMA, g m(-2)) is an essential trait for modeling canopy function due to its strong association with photosynthesis, respiration and leaf nitrogen. Leaf mass per area, which is influenced by both leaf thickness and density (LMA = thickness × density), generally increases from the bottom to the top of tree canopies, yet the mechanisms behind this universal pattern are not yet ...

The invasion of exotic earthworms into northern temperate and boreal forests previously devoid of earthworms is an important driver of ecosystem change. Earthworm invasion can cause significant changes in soil structure and communities, nutrient cycles, and the diversity and abundance of herbaceous plants. However, the regional extent and patterns of this invasion are poorly known. We conducted...