Two or more quantum systems are said to be in an entangled or nonfactorisable state if their joint (supposedly pure) wave-function is not expressible as a product of individual wave functions but is instead a superposition of product states. It is only when the systems are in a factorisable state that they can be considered to be separated (in the sense of Bell). We show that whenever two quant...

It is well known that the speed cu = 1/√ 0μ0 is obtained in the process of defining SI units via action-at-a-distance forces, like the force between two static charges and the force between two long and parallel currents. The speed cu is then physically different from the observed speed of propagation c associated with electromagnetic waves in vacuum. However, repeated experiments have led to t...

The Problem: Current design and optimization methods for improving protein–protein interactions are intimately dependent on the atomic-level details of molecular structure. Dead-end elimination [2, 9, 10], self-consistent meanfield [6, 7, 8], simulated annealing [3, 11], and genetic algorithms [1, 4] all attempt to repack a binding interface with improved interactions to enhance binding affinit...

In a previous paper) we discussed in the framework of the Poincare-Cartan integral invariant, a method for performing the canonical formalism for constrained systems. The basic idea consists of considering a canonical transformation which brings the constraints into a subset of the canonical variables. Thus the physical variables can be easily obtained by means of a reduction of the phase space...

We comment on and translate Gustav Kirchhoff’s important paper of 1857 entitled “On the motion of electricity in conductors.” The significance of this paper is that Kirchhoff proved with action at a distance that electric disturbances travel along wires of negligible resistance with the velocity of light. He accomplished this with the laws of Newtonian electrodynamics (Coulomb, Ampere, F. Neuma...

We propose a methodology for recognizing actions at a distance by watching the human poses and deriving descriptors that capture the motion patterns of the poses. Human poses often carry a strong visual sense (intended meaning) which describes the related action unambiguously. But identifying the intended meaning of poses is a challenging task because of their variability and such variations in...

All of these papers share a concern with producing analyses of culture that are comprehensive and internally coherent. All agree with van der Leeuw that formalization can be used to achieve this. All assume that such analyses will be more than mere categorizations or remote analogies and will help expose the inner dynamics of culture. Though there is a common commitment to formalization as a ba...

Action-at-a-distance interactions between permanent magnets and superconductors known as “flux pinning” provide a novel way to fix many modular space systems in desired relative positions and orientations, from space stations to close-proximity formations. When cooled appropriately, these flux-pinned interfaces require no power or active control and very little mass but provide very high mechan...