Protease-activated receptors (PARs) comprise a family of four G protein-coupled (GPCRs) that have broad functions in health and disease. Unlike most GPCRs, PARs are uniquely activated by proteolytic cleavage their extracellular N termini. To fully understand PAR activation function vivo, it is critical to also study the proteases activate them. As heavily regulated at post-translational level, ...

Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily have vital roles in regulating immunity and inflammation. The founding member, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), is the prototype to demonstrate immunomodulation via transrepression of the AP-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have emerged as key regulators of inflammation. This review examines the history ...