Transcriptional activators need to be modulated and eventually switched off after the initial event that triggers their activation. Here, we discuss how ubiquitination of activators and their proteasome-mediated turnover are crucial steps in this process.

The sid gene promoter (Psid), which controls expression of the late genes from satellite phage P4, is activated by a unique class of small DNA-binding proteins. The activators from both satellite and helper phages stimulate transcription from Psid. These activators bind to sites centered at position -55 in all the helper and satellite phage late promoters. P4 Psid is unique in that it has an ad...

One of the early events in physiological shock is the generation of activators for leukocytes, endothelial cells, and other cells in the cardiovascular system. The mechanism by which these activators are produced has remained unresolved. We examine here the hypothesis that pancreatic digestive enzymes in the ischemic intestine may be involved in the generation of activators during intestinal is...

In this study, strain-hardening ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete (SH-UHPGC) was produced using Na 2 CO 3 , SiO and their hybridization (1:1 in mole ratio) as alkaline activators. An ultra-high compressive strength achieved for all the developed (i.e., over 130 MPa). Strain-hardening with hybrid activators showed highest (186.0 MPa), tensile strain capacity (0.44%), (11.9 It should be ...