Trimetylbenzene isomers: pseudocumene, hemimellitene and mesitylene, are major components of numerous commercial solvents and high-grade fuels. In our earlier research on rats we have proved that inhalation exposure to pseudocumene or hemimellitene at concentrations close to the MAC value results in behavioral changes detectable many weeks after cessation of the exposure. The aim of our present...

Active avoidance involving controlling and modifying threatening situations characterizes many forms of clinical pathology, particularly childhood anxiety. Presently our understanding of the neural systems supporting human avoidance is largely based on nonhuman research. Establishing the generality of nonhuman findings to healthy children is a needed first step towards advancing developmental a...

Several studies suggest an opponent functional relationship between the lateral habenula (LHb) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Previous work has linked LHb activation to the inhibition of dopaminergic neurons during loss of reward, as well as to deficits in escape and avoidance learning. We hypothesized that a dopamine signal might underlie the negative reinforcement of avoidance response...

Empirical data have challenged chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) consisting of three dimensions. In the present study we aimed to determine the factor structure of acute posttraumatic symptoms in two recently traumatized samples. In sample 1, 203 civilian trauma survivors were administered the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) approximately 1 week posttrauma. In sample 2, 182 civilian trea...

SCHMALTZ, L.W. Deficit in active avoidance learning in rats following penicillin injection into hippocampus. PHYSIOL. BErlAV. 6 (6) 667-674, 1971.--Penicillin was found to cause epileptiform (spike) activity when injected into the hippocampus of male rats. Animals so prepared were found to be severely impaired in the acquisition of a two-way active avoidance task. Animals with bilateral hippoca...

Five groups of rats were trained in an active avoidance task in a shuttle box with different conditioned stimuli. Animals with either a light-conditioned stimulus or with electrical stimulation of the ventral pontine nucleus as a conditioned stimulus rapidly learned to avoid an aversive event, while those with no conditioned stimulus, with electrical stimulation of the lateral pontine nucleus o...

conclusions it can be concluded that brain-behavioral systems may be the foundation of behavioral and emotional tendencies in patients with migraine headaches. results the results showed that positive affect had a significant positive correlation with active avoidance parameters and negative significant correlation with passive avoidance and extinction parameters. the findings also indicated th...

Objectives: To examine the relationships among preinjury and postinjury stress, coping, personality, mood state, and rehabilitation adherence. Design: Participants completed measures of preinjury life-event stress, social-support satisfaction, dispositional optimism, and mood state. Injured athletes completed postinjury measures of mood state, coping methods, and cognitive appraisals of stress ...

The active place avoidance task is a dry-arena task used to assess spatial navigation and memory in rodents. In this task, a subject is put on a rotating circular arena and avoids an invisible sector that is stable in relation to the room. Rotation of the arena means that the subject's avoidance must be active, otherwise the subject will be moved in the to-be-avoided sector by the rotation of t...

When a mobile robot uses vision for self-localization and obstacle avoidance, the results of image processing become available after a variable computational delay. If the robot keeps moving during image processing, results become available after the robot has left the position where the image was taken. This is the problem of control in presence of intermittent delayed feedback. This paper pro...