abstract   introduction: diabetes mellitus accompanies with disturbances in learning, memory, and cognitive skills in the human society and experimental animals. considering the beneficial antidiabetic potential of apium graveolens (ag ), this research study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chronic i.p. administration of ag on learning and memory in diabetic rats using passive avoidance ...

Ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A), a putative cholinotoxin, was administered into the cerebroventricles of rats, and the effects on learning behaviors were observed. AF64A caused the impairment of learning acquisition in both passive and active avoidance responses. Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, antagonized these changes at the doses of 0.03 to 0.1 mg/kg. Our behavioral study may...

Spatial navigation comprises a widely-studied complex of animal behaviors. Its study offers many methodological advantages over other approaches, enabling assessment of a variety of experimental questions and the possibility to compare the results across different species. Spatial navigation in laboratory animals is often considered a model of higher human cognitive functions including declarat...

Introduction: The role of serotonergic fibers in avoidance learning is controversial. Involvement of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), the main source of hippocampal projecting serotonergic fibers in acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of passive avoidance (PA) learning, was investigated by functional suppression of this area. Materials and Methods: DRN functional inactivation was done by li...

UNLABELLED During the past decade, evidence has emerged that statins have neuroprotective effects. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on learning and memory in rats with diazepam-induced amnesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experiments were carried out on 48 white male Wistar rats, divided into 6 groups, each of 8 rats. The experimental animal...

The neurohypophyseal neuropeptides (Arg8)-vasopressin (AVP) and [pGlu4,Cyt6]AVP-(4-8) (where pGlu is pyroglutamic acid and Cyt is cystine) facilitate the retention of one-trial-learning passive avoidance behavior in rats when administered into the cerebral ventricle immediately after the learning trial. The fragment [pGlu4,Cyt6]AVP-(4-8) was considerably more effective than AVP. Oxytocin (OXT) ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Conditioned fear may emerge in the absence of directly experienced conditioned stimulus (CS)--unconditioned stimulus (US) pairings. Here, we compared three pathways by which avoidance of the US may be acquired both directly (i.e., through trial-and-error instrumental learning) and indirectly (i.e., via verbal instructions and social observation). METHODS Following fe...

abstractdeveloping self-regulated learners has been the life-long ambition of different stakeholders in education. this study was set out to find the relationships between self-regulated strategies as defined by time and resource management, cognitive and metacognitive strategies, achievement goals classified as mastery, performance-approach and performance-avoidance, and the listening achievem...