Enzymes are classically proposed to accelerate reactions by binding substrates within active-site environments that are structurally preorganized to optimize binding interactions with reaction transition states rather than ground states. This is a remarkably formidable task considering the limited 0.1-1 A scale of most substrate rearrangements. The flexibility of active-site functional groups a...

Most social scientists would agree that the capacity for human culture was probably fashioned by natural selection, but they disagree about the implications of this supposition. Some believe that natural selection imposes important constraints on the ways in which culture can vary, while others believe that any such constraints must be negligible. This paper employs a “thought experiment” to de...

We present a contribution on dynamic load balancing for distributed and parallel object-oriented applications. We specially target peer-to-peer systems and their capability to distribute parallel computation. Using an algorithm for active-object load balancing, we simulate the balance of a parallel application over a peer-to-peer infrastructure. We tune the algorithm parameters in order to obta...

Heterogeneous Distributed systems have been an active research area in computer science for the last two decade, task allocation and load balancing have been a major issue associated with such systems. The load-balancing problem, attempts to compute the assignment with smallest possible makespan (i. e. the completion time at the maximum loaded computing node). This paper presents and discusses ...

In order to resolve the issue of the power supply-and-demand balance that has been triggered by the increased use of renewable energies, the traditional supply-and-demand adjustment on the power supply side is already regarded as inadequate. The potential for a new supply-and-demand balancing mechanism considering the demand side is currently under active deliberation. The “demand response” (DR...

Spatial and temporal information about traÆc dynamics is central to the design of e ective traÆc engineering practices for IP backbones. In this paper we study backbone traÆc dynamics using data collected at a major POP on a tier-1 IP backbone. We develop a methodology that combines packet-level traces from access links in the POP and BGP routing information to build components of POP-to-POP tr...

we inverse the surface gravity data to recover subsurface 3d density distribution with two strategy. in the first strategy, we assumed wide density model bound for inverting gravity data and in the second strategy, the inversion procedure have been carried out by limited bound density. wediscretize the earth model into rectangular cells of constant andunidentified density. the number of cells i...