Abstract— In this paper, an effort has been made to determine the active earth pressure on rigid retaining wall considering non-linear failure surface. The backfill of c-Φ nature has been considered for the purpose. Analytical solutions have been obtained considering non-linearity of the rupture surface using Horizontal Slicing Method. The nonlinear model is supposed to provide more general sol...

After a historical introduction to Poisson’s equation for Newtonian gravity, its analog for static gravitational fields in Einstein’s theory is reviewed. It appears that the pressure contribution to the active mass density in Einstein’s theory might also be noticeable at the Newtonian level. A form of its surprising appearance, first noticed by Richard Chase Tolman, was discussed half a century...