Hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation (HSR) causes neutrophil sequestration in the lung which leads to acute lung injury (ALI). Neutrophil elastase (NE) is thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ALI. This study investigated whether sivelestat, a specific NE inhibitor, can attenuate ALI induced by HSR in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock by w...

INTRODUCTION Inflammation and pulmonary edema are involved in the pathogenesis of seawater aspiration-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Although several studies have reported that 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) suppresses inflammation, it has not been confirmed to be effective in seawater aspiration-induced ALI. Thus, we investigated the effect of calcitriol on seawater aspiration-induce...

Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB/Rel has been shown to be involved in inflammatory disease. Here we studied the role of RelA/p65, the main transactivating subunit, during acute pancreatitis using a Cre-loxP strategy. Selective truncation of the rela gene in pancreatic exocrine cells led to both severe injury of the acinar cells and systemic complications including lung and liver...

RATIONALE Increasing evidence suggests that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays a key role in pulmonary injury caused by environmental ozone (O(3)) in animal models and human subjects. We previously determined that mice genetically deficient in TNF response are protected from lung inflammation and epithelial injury after O(3) exposure. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to determin...

Among the cellular response mechanisms, the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is considered a survival pathway that alleviates oxidative injury, while both the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and NF-κB pathways are pro-inflammatory pathways that cause damage to cells. These pathways are implicated in the development and resolution of acute lung injury (ALI). Isoliqu...

Hyperplasia or hypertrophy of adipose tissues plays a crucial role in obesity, which is accompanied by the release of leptin. Recently, obesity was determined to be associated with various pulmonary diseases including asthma, acute lung injury, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, how obesity contributes to pulmonary diseases and whether leptin directly regulates lung inflammatio...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc finger protein A20 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation/anti-inflammatory mediators in an acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-eight ALI/ARDS rats were selected and assigned into normal saline (NS) (injected with NS), LPS (injected with ...

BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated that large-dose ketamine alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. We investigated whether a single small dose of ketamine could attenuate lung injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) and, if so its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Thirty male New Zealand rabbits were randomized into three groups (n = 10 each): sham group (Group S),...

Geraniin, a typical ellagitannin isolated from Phyllanthusurinaria Linn, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of the study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of geraniin on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. The mice were intranasal adminisration of LPS for 12 h. Geraniin was intra-peritoneal injection 1 h after LPS treatment. The results showed that gera...

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory condition culminating in respiratory failure. There is currently no effective pharmacological treatment. Nitrated fatty acids (NFAs) have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. We therefore hypothesized that delivery of NFAs directly to the site of inflammation would reduce the severity of ALI. Pulmonary delivery of 10-nitro-oleate following en...