Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in paediatric age group. Acute respiratory tract infection is infection of any part of respiratory tract. According to WHO it can be graded as mild, moderate and severe. In the present study an attempt was made to retrospectively profile the cases of acute respiratory infections which presented to ou...

OBJECTIVE To discuss the clinical indications and complications of non-invasive ventilation. DATA SOURCES A review of articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 1966 to 1998 and identified through a MEDLINE search on non-invasive ventilation. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been used in patients with respiratory failure caused by cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, acu...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by a diffuse inflammatory reaction of lung parenchyma induced by a direct insult to the alveolar epithelium (pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome) or an indirect lesion through the vascular endothelium (extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome). The main therapeutic strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome is the ve...

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of 2 weeks of prophylactic zinc supplementation on incidence and duration of acute respiratory infections. DESIGN Randomized double blind controlled trial. SETTING Community based; urban resettlement area in North-East Delhi, India. PARTICIPANTS 272 children aged 6-11 months with acute respiratory infections. Children receiving zinc supplement within the past...

OBJECTIVE Ambulation of patients with acute respiratory failure may be unnecessarily limited in the acute intensive care setting. We hypothesized that ambulation of patients with acute respiratory failure would increase with transfer to an intensive care unit where activity is a key component of patient care. DESIGN Pre-post cohort study of respiratory failure patients. SETTING Adult intens...

OBJECTIVES Physiologic dead space is associated with mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome, but its measurement is cumbersome. Alveolar dead space fraction relies on the difference between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide (alveolar dead space fraction = (PaCO2 - PetCO2) / PaCO2). We aimed to assess the relationship between alveolar dead space fraction and mortality in a cohort o...

Emergency department clinicians are frequently called upon to assess, diagnose, and stabilize patients who present with acute respiratory failure. This review describes a rapid initial approach to acute respiratory failure in adults, illustrated by two common examples: (1) an airway disease - acute potentially fatal asthma, and (2) a pulmonary parenchymal disease - acute lung injury/acute respi...

Acute respiratory failure is a dreaded and life-threatening event that represents the main reason for ICU admission. Respiratory events occur in up to 50% of hematology patients, including one-half of those admitted to the ICU. Mortality from acute respiratory failure in hematology patients depends on the patient's general status, acute respiratory failure etiology, need for mechanical ventilat...

introduction:  one ofdiagnostic criteria for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome is  pao2/fio2 (pf) ratio 300 for ali or 200 for ards. this criteria requires invasive arterial sampling. measurement of spo2/fio2 (sf) ratio by pulseoximetry may be a reliable non invasive alternative to the pf ratio.   methods and materials: in a cross sectional study we enrolled 105 sample o...