The collectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an important component of the pulmonary innate immune system, but SP-D is also present on extrapulmonary epithelial surfaces and in serum, where it has been used as a biomarker for pulmonary disease states. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms defining the constitutional serum level of SP-D and determine the magnitude of the genetic contribut...

A one-dimensional (1-D) approach to the problem of adaptive image restoration is presented. In this approach, we use a cascade of four 1-D adaptive filters oriented in the four major correlation directions of the image, with each filter treating the image as a 1-D signal. The objective of this 1-D approach is to improve the performance of the more general two-dimensional (2-D) approach. This di...

For d≥3, we prove that time-inhomogeneous stochastic differential equations driven by additive noises with drifts in critical Lebesgue space Lq([0,T];Lp(Rd)), where (p,q)∈(d,∞]×[2,∞) and d∕p+2∕q=1, or (p,q)=(d,∞) divb∈L∞([0,T];Ld∕2+ε(Rd)), are well-posed. The weak uniqueness is obtained solving corresponding Kolmogorov backward some second-order Sobolev spaces, which analytically interesting it...

This study was conducted to determine the ability of a supplemental nucleotide mixture high in inosine 5'-monophosphate (5'IMP) to enhance pig growth and health after weaning. Pigs (n = 120 and 7.3 ± 0.1 kg) were allotted at weaning to phase 1 diets (3.3 Mcal ME/kg, 22.4% CP, and 1.34% standardize ileal digestible [SID] Lys) supplemented with 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 g/kg of a nucleotide additive....

The effects of dietary supplementation of grape seed extract (GSE) and vitamin C on carcass characteristics, gut morphology and ileal microflora in broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress were examined. Experimental diets included a control diet (without additive), 3 levels of GSE (150, 300, 450 mg/kg of diet), and vitamin C (300 mg/kg of diet). Each of the five diets was fed to 5 repli...

Differential item functioning (DIF) is a critical step in providing evidence to support scoring inference building validity argument for psychological or educational assessment. Effect sizes can assist understanding the accumulation of DIF at test score level. The current simulation study investigated performance several proposed effect size measures under variety conditions. Conditions include...

Let $$D$$ be a division ring and $$K$$ subfield of which is not necessarily contained in the center $$F$$ . We study structure under condition left algebraicity certain subsets over Among others, it proved that if $$D^*$$ contains noncentral normal subgroup algebraic bounded degree $$d$$ , then $$[D:F]\le d^2$$ In case $$K=F$$ obtained results show either all additive commutators or multiplicat...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the influence of genes and environment on individual differences in type-D status, and the type-D subcomponents negative affectivity and social inhibition. Type-D personality independently predicts poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, no previous study has determined the heritability of type-D personality. METHODS This study determined type-D ...