Adipokines are cytokines produced mainly by adipose tissue, besides many other tissues such as placenta, ovaries, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, liver, muscle, kidney, heart, and bone marrow. Adipokines play a significant role in the metabolic syndrome and in cardiovascular diseases, have implications in regulating insulin sensitivity and inflammation, and have significant effects on growt...

Cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease, is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries.1 Obese states are closely linked to the development of metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders.2,3 It is well established that adipose tissue secretes various hormonal factors, also known as adipokines, and affects nearby or remote organs in a paracrine, and...

This study aimed to determine the gene expression of different local novel adipokines, such as vaspin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin, their known receptors, namely, heat shock 70 protein 5, adiponectin receptor 1, 2, in bovine corpus luteum (CL) during phases estrous cycle (on days 1–2, 3–4, 5–7, 8–12, 13–18, >18) pregnancy (at months >7). The mRNA was measured by reverse transcript...

A major problem in patients with multiple myeloma is chemotherapy resistance, which develops in myeloma cells upon interaction with bone marrow stromal cells. However, few studies have determined the role of bone marrow adipocytes, a major component of stromal cells in the bone marrow, in myeloma chemotherapy resistance. We reveal that mature human adipocytes activate autophagy and upregulate t...

Obesity is characterised by an expansion of white adipose tissue mass that can lead to adverse health effects, such as decreased longevity, diabetes mellitus, orthopaedic and respiratory disease and neoplasia. Once thought a passive fuel depot, adipose tissue is now recognised as an active endocrine organ that communicates with the brain and peripheral tissues by secreting a wide range of hormo...

Adipocytes, which secrete a spectrum of adipokines, play an integral role in metabolism via communications with other endocrine cells. In the present work, we have studied the interplays between adipokines and catecholamines, using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and PC12 cells as the cell models and an integrative experimental platform. We demonstrate that all catecholamines inhibit vesicle trafficking and ...

The rapid growth in obesity worldwide contributes to an increase in metabolic syndrome and obesity-related kidney disease with an enhanced increased risk for chronic kidney disease, finally progressing to end-stage renal disease. Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ secreting numerous factors that contribute to renal and cardiovascular complications. In renal damage, various adipok...

Adipokines are bioactive molecules that regulate several physiological functions such as energy balance, insulin sensitization, appetite regulation, inflammatory response, and vascular homeostasis. They include proinflammatory cytokines such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as adiponectin, as well as vasodilator and vasoconstrictor molecules....

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) has negative impact on nutrition, growth, puberty, glycometabolic homeostasis, adipokines secretion. Adipokines play a role on these patients' short term complications and they influence their long term outcome. Many studies highlighted the influence of adipokines on cardiovascular complications, glycometabolic assess, nutrition of adults and children with CRF. High ...

Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity and its relationship to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome are essential for developing new strategies for prevention and treatment of these disorders. Both excess adipose tissue and lack of adipose tissue cause insulin resistance and dysli...