Fertilized soils have large potential for production of soil nitrogen oxide (NOx=NO+NO2), however these emissions are difficult to predict in high-temperature environments. Understanding these emissions may improve air quality modelling as NOx contributes to formation of tropospheric ozone (O3), a powerful air pollutant. Here we identify the environmental and management factors that regulate so...

Boreal ecosystems store one-third of global soil organic carbon (SOC) and are particularly sensitive to climate warming and higher nutrient inputs. Thus, a better description of how forest managements such as nutrient fertilization impact soil carbon (C) and its temperature sensitivity is needed to better predict feedbacks between C cycling and climate. The temperature sensitivity of in situ so...

Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) sown in early spring often has poor seed germination and seedling development. The influence of soil temperature on seedling emergence and early growth of six peanut cultivars (Florida MDR98, Southern Runner, Georgia Green, SunOleic 97R, Florunner and C-99R) was studied in natural field soil profiles in temperature-gradient greenhouses. We evaluated the...

Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities have an important influence on nutrient cycling. The temporal variation in soil microbial biomass C, N, and enzyme activities during the growing season were determined under three different alpine grasslands in Northern Tibet. The results showed that soil microbial biomass C, and N contents and enzyme activities of the alpine meadow (AM) and the alpi...

Culturable methanotrophic bacteria (CMB) were studied in the soils of forest and savanna of tropical dry deciduous forest ecosystems employing most probable number (MPN) technique. The spatiotemporal study was conducted at the six sites differing in the soil physicochemical properties and vegetational cover. CMB population was high in the moist sites compared to the dry sites and in sub soil be...

[1] Changes in soil respiration, one of the major fluxes of global carbon cycling, could significantly slow down or accelerate the increase in atmospheric CO2, with consequent feedbacks to climate change. It is critical to understand how substrate availability regulates soil respiration in projecting the response of carbon cycling to changed climate. We conducted a clipping and shading experime...

The soil moisture content is of great importance for numerical weather forecasts and has been identified as one of the parameter products of EUMETSAT’s Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis (Land SAF). Soil moisture strongly affects the surface energy balance and therefore near surface temperature and humidity. Conversely, temperature observations may be used to infer the soil...

The incorporation of biochar into soils has been proposed as a means to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. An added environmental benefit is that biochar has also been shown to increase soil retention of nutrients, heavy metals, and pesticides. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether biochar amendments affect the transport of Escherichia coli through a water-saturated soil. We looked ...

Soil temperature data collected a t the Iowa State College Agronomy Experimental Farm are analyzed in relation to corn yields. Some of the determining weather factors of soil temperature are evaluated. Monthly values of soil temperature at various levels are compared with corn yield in central Iowa and three physical relationships are discussed. In order to summarize the effect of these three r...

Boreal forests are sensitive to climatic warming, because low temperatures hold back ecosystem processes, such as the mobilization of nitrogen in soils. A greening of the boreal landscape has been observed using remote sensing, and the seasonal amplitude of CO2 in the northern hemisphere has increased, indicating warming effects on ecosystem productivity. However, field observations on response...