The study examines various issues in Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations in the context that emerged after 9/11. It argues that security maintenance and various development pursuits (political and economic) of both Pakistan and Afghanistan considerably rely upon cordial and mutually cooperative relations between these two immediate neighbours. However, there exists trust deficit and the war against ...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The FMD virus serotypes O, A and Asia-1 are responsible for the outbreaks in these countries. Diverse strains of FMDV, even within the same serotype, co-circulate. Characterization of the viruses in circulation can facilitate appropriate vaccine selection and tracing of outbreaks. The present study characterized foot-and-mouth...

saffron is one of the most valuable crops and the world's most expensive spice among the plants that suit the particular climates and latitudes with low water requirements, the strategic importance of high social and economic impacts in many producing countries such as afghanistan, that has this feature in particularly high and a special influence in the international market. due to these reaso...

this article aims to explain how islamic fundamentalism in central asia could challenge afghan national security following the withdrawal of international forces. in this paper, the authors focusing on two jihadi islamists groups in central asia, called the imu (islamic movement of uzbekistan) and islamic jihad :union: (islamic jihadism of uzbekistan) believe that high adaptability in the wake ...

BACKGROUND Evaluating the malaria status of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) member countries relation to goal 6 of 3rd Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which includes have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria. METHODS By 2009, we reviewed the MDGs reports, extracted the data from surveillance system, published, and unpublished data. The main stakeholders...

Maternal mortality is a major concern in Afghanistan. Even though the rate decreasing, Afghanistan still ranks below most countries terms of maternal mortality. Challenges such as political instability, COVID-19 pandemic, and unskilled staff are proving to be burden on healthcare system Afghanistan, which has become an obstacle for aim further reducing rate. Along with struggling system, illite...

BACKGROUND The current combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have involved U.S. military personnel in major ground combat and hazardous security duty. Studies are needed to systematically assess the mental health of members of the armed services who have participated in these operations and to inform policy with regard to the optimal delivery of mental health care to returning veterans. M...

Central Asia is suddenly on the world map. Indeed, September 11 and the U.S. war against the Taliban and the al-Qaeda terror network in Afghanistan have drawn Central Asia from the periphery to near the center of that map. Policy makers forging strategies for Afghanistan have begun to realize that the entire vast region is plagued by increasingly weak states and regimes that are losing popular ...

BACKGROUND As Canada's mission in Afghanistan winds down, the Canadian Forces (CF) are reflecting on the psychological impact of the mission on more than 40,000 deployed personnel. METHODS All major CF studies of mental health outcomes done before and during the Afghanistan era are summarized, with an eye toward getting the most complete picture of the mental health impact of the mission. Stu...

I n May 2002, American Green Berets began training the first group of Afghan soldiers for the new Afghan National Army (ANA). This complex mission will take years to accomplish, yet it is expected to contribute greatly to the return of peace and normalcy to Afghanistan. The United States, the main sponsor of the effort, sees the project as an effective alternative to the expansion of internatio...