Unions are prominent stakeholders in employment relations (ER), representing and protecting the rights of their members other employees on labour-related issues that workforce is overwhelmed with within workplace. The purpose this article was to examine global unionism advise South African (SA) Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector labour unionism. It focuses recent trends literatur...

Background: A highly efficient genetic transformation system is essential for a successful genetic manipulation of the African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.). Objectives: Developing a particle bombardment-based genetic transformation system for the African violet. Materials and Methods: A local cultivar of the African violet from Guilan province was used for transformation experiments. Th...

Broadcasting digital migration (BDM) in Africa reflects deadlines agreed by the continent at the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). The case suggests a negative answer to the question about a uniquely African contribution to communication theory. This is because there is a disjuncture between the ideology of BDM, as evolved in developed countries and copied in African countries, and ...

Supported by grants to T.J.R. from the South African National Research Foundation (NRF; GUN 2053812) and the Wellcome Trust (to T.J.R. and M.A.F.-S.). The work was conducted while V.T. was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Stellenbosch. His support from the NRF, the University of Stellenbosch and the Russian Fund of Basic Research and Grant 01-2163 from the International Association fo...

African CO emissions between years 2000 and 2006 as estimated from MOPITT observations F. Chevallier, A. Fortems, P. Bousquet, I. Pison, S. Szopa, M. Devaux, and D. A. Hauglustaine Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Received: 24 June 2008 – Accepted: 15 August 2008 – Published: 18 September 2008 Correspondence to: F. Chevallier (...