Aflatoxins (AFs) are cancerous secondary metabolites produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in agricultural foodstuff such as peanuts, maize grains, cereals, and animal feeds. Food and Agricultural organization (FAO) estimated that as much as 25% of the world’s agricultural commodities are contaminated with mycotoxins, leading to significant economic losses. Moreov...

In this paper, we used several elaborate return-to-risk methods to investigate the risk-adjusted performances of five soft commodities. Regarding only level risk, found that cocoa had highest risk losses, followed by orange juice. Cotton and coffee lowest losses. However, according output, cotton was worst asset in which invest because it negative average returns. contradistinction, sugar a rel...

Abstract: The policy reforms in Moroccan agriculture brought about through the process of structural and sectoral adjustment and the engagements undertaken by Morocco in the context of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) represent important milestones in Moroccan agricultural history. Since 1985, reforms have been undertaken, especially with respect to domestic agricultural market...

Purpose: The consistent economic growth achieved by countries in the African continent is an opportunity for Indonesia to increase bilateral and multilateral cooperation with region. One thing that can be encouraged trade flow, especially agricultural commodities. main objective of this study determine potential commodities continent. Research Method: Purposive sampling used as trading partners...