Maximizing the fuel economy while lowering exhaust emissions highly depend on precise air-fuel ratio (AFR) control. The major challenge in control of AFR is time-varying delay, which an inherent reason for performance degradation and instability. For analysis, time delay approximated by Padé approximation, leading to a non-minimum phase system that exhibits difficulty controlling due its zeroes...

The paper reveals a study about air-fuel ratio variation of spark-ignition engine running on upgraded biogas (biomethane). Using as internal combustion fuel and external mixture formation is new approach to decrease harmful exhaust gas emissions. Тo obtain minimum concentrations gases emissions the must work with optimal ratio. This research contains analysis many test adjusting characteristics...

An investigation into the isolability of the location of intake and exhaust manifold leaks in heavy duty diesel engines is presented. In particular, established fault detection and isolation (FDI) methods are explored to assess their utility in successfully determining the location of a leak within the air path of an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and an asymmetric twin-scroll t...

Blast furnace gas is the byproduct of smelting steel production process, and is the important secondary energy source. It is can be used as fuel for engines to generate electricity for most middle and small steel enterprises. In order to understand the combustion mechanism and provide the basis for the design of blast furnace gas engine,premixed laminar combustion experiments of the blast furna...

Poor sanitation is one of the major hindrances to the global sustainable development goals. The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is set to develop affordable, next-generation sanitary systems that can ensure safe treatment and wide accessibility without compromise on sustainable use of natural resources and the environment. Energy recovery from human excret...

Emissions from modern SI-engines are reduced by a three way catalyst. However if there are leaks in the exhaust system before the catalyst emissions increase for two reasons. First the untreated emissions leak out. Second which is worse, due to waves in the exhaust system, oxygen leaks into the manifold and causes an oxygen sensor offset. The result is increased emissions as the air/fuel contro...