Annual study on the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) concentration in aerosols in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic) has been performed at Gdynia station. Combustion processes, especially domestic heating of both local and regional origin, were identified as the main sources of benzo(a)pyrene in this area. Concentrations observed during the heating season (mean 2.18 ng m(-3)) were sig...

This paper presents a method for the estimation of potential impact of climate change on the heating energy use of existing houses. The proposed method uses the house energy signature, which is developed from the current heating energy use extracted from the utility bills (e.g., for year 2007) and corresponding climatic conditions. The energy signature, which is an energy-related characteristic...

The fractional electron power quickly transferred to heat in non-equilibrium plasmas was studied experimentally and theoretically in N(2)/O(2) mixtures subjected to high electric fields. Measurements were performed in and after a nanosecond surface dielectric barrier discharge at various (300-750 Torr) gas pressures and (50-100%) N(2) percentages. Observations showed that the efficiency of fast...

0260-8774/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.11.019 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 509 335 2140; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Tang). This study explored the application of radio frequency (RF) energy in conjunctionwith conventional hot air treatment to provide uniformheating for control ofmold in pre-packaged bread loaf. A 6 kW, 27.12 MHzRF system was...

Twelve years of upper air data and surface observations across Iceland are used to investigate the connection between the difference of surface air temperature upstream and downstream of the Icelandic highlands and several parameters of the airflow, such as precipitation, static stability and wind speed. The data does not support the well-known concept of the heat of the foehn being a result of...

Significant progress has been made on maximising passive solar heat gains to building spaces in winter. Control of the space heating in these applications is complicated due to the lagging influence of the useful solar heat gain coupled with the wide range of construction materials and heating system choices. Additionally, and in common with most building control applications, there is a need t...

Dynamic building energy simulations need hourly weather data as input. The same high temporal resolution is required for assessments of future heating and cooling energy demand. The data presented in this article concern current typical values and estimated future changes in outdoor air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and global, diffuse and normal solar radiation components. Simulat...

During the past twenty years, the use of wood has become popular as an alternative to conventional home heating fuels. Part of this movement has been due to uncertainty about the availability of fossil fuels. About ten percent of space heating in urbanized areas of the northern United States is from wood burning, with up to fifty percent in some .smaller, rural towns (42, 63, 75, 85). Wood is o...

In order to meet ambitious emission reduction goals in California, greenhouse gas emissions from direct combustion of fossil fuels for residential space and water heating will need to be largely eliminated. If those emission reductions come from fuel switching (natural gas to electricity) then the electricity grid needs to be prepared for the additional load. This paper presents a new method fo...