The paper examines eight diverse regimes in which fuels can mix and react with air. These comprise: (i) Lifted subsonic; (ii) supersonic jet flames, (iii) without (iv) cross flows; (v) Rim-attached flames; (vi) Early Downwash (vii) Downwash-attached (viii) Fire Whirls. Correlations of characteristics within these are principally terms a dimensionless Flow Number, U*, Cross Reynolds number, Rec,...

Benzene, naphthalene, and 1- and 2-naphthol were measured in urine samples obtained from 322 U.S. Air Force personnel categorized a priori as likely to have low, moderate, or high exposure to jet fuel [jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8)]. In postexposure samples, levels of these analytes in the high-exposure group were 3- to 29-fold greater than in the low-exposure group and 2- to 12-fold greater tha...

Providing haptic cues can generate increased levels of presence in users as they interact with tangible objects. In this paper, we present button effects delivered by air-jet displays with the aim of providing click-like sensations when virtual buttons in an AR environment are pressed. We derive the profile of the haptic output by measuring the force profile of real physical buttons. To validat...

A steel ball impacting on a bed of very loose, fine sand results in a surprisingly vigorous jet which shoots up from the surface of the sand [D. Lohse, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 198003 (2004)10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.198003]. When the ambient pressure p is reduced, the jet is found to be less vigorous [R. Royer, Nature Phys. 1, 164 (2005)10.1038/nphys175]. In this Letter we show that p also affects the...

Phenomena of nonlinear light-matter interaction that occur during the propagation of intense ultrashort laser pulses in continuous media have been extensively studied in ultrafast optical science. In this vibrant research field, conversion of the input laser beam into optical filament(s) is commonly encountered. Here, we demonstrate generation of distinctive single or double super-luminescent o...

A IR or atmospheric pollution problems have increased many fold during the past few decades. Air pollution and its control have grown t o become factors of tremendous importance to the economy and health of many industrialized and urbanized communities. Air pollution has been defined as the excessive concentration of foreign matter in the air which adversely affects the well being of the indivi...