Nowadays, downsizing is a major way to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of Spark Ignition (SI) engines. In downsized engines, new air path management systems such as turbocharging or Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) are including, and an efficient control of the air actuators is required for engine torque control. Two non-linear estimators are proposed to estimate non-measured vari...

Background: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in woman and the fifth most frequent cause of cancer death. Ovarian cancers are usually asymptomatic until metastasized, patients have advanced disease at diagnosis in more than 2/3 of the cases. Totally 75-80 % of ovarian masses are benign. The strongest patient related risk factor for ovarian cancer is increasing age. The most ovarian...

We introduce a modified SPH approach that is based on discretising the particle density instead of the mass density. This approach makes it possible to use SPH particles with very different masses to simulate multi-phase flows with large differences inmass density between the phases.We test our formulationwith a simple advection problem, with sound waves encountering a density discontinuity, an...

A large skull is disadvantageous to animals that move quickly in three-dimensional space, such as fishes and birds in water or air. A cerebral neocortex with a six-layered sheet has not evolved, most likely due to the limited cranial space. Instead of the laminar cortex, telencephalic nuclear masses seem to have evolved as the pallium in teleost fishes. We consider that the nuclear masses conta...

The radon-222 content of the ground-level air depends on source areas masses and local meteorological conditions.

introduction: as far as application of chemicals as disinfectants may have side effects on human health and causes drug resistance, the topic of herbal and natural products has been investigated in recent researches. nevertheless, application of medicinal smokes in the treatment of many diseases, including bacterial and infectious diseases has long been popular in iran. smoke from the burning o...