A graph G is stable if its normalized chromatic difference sequence is equal to the normalized chromatic di erence sequence of G G, the Cartesian product of G with itself. Let be the independence number of G and ! be its clique number. Suppose that G has n vertices. We show that the rst ! terms of the normalized chromatic di erence sequence of a stable graph G must be =n; and further that if G ...

In this paper, we obtain some upper and lower bounds for the general extended energy of a graph. As an application, we obtain few bounds for the (edge) Zagreb energy of a graph. Also, we deduce a relation between Zagreb energy and edge-Zagreb energy of a graph $G$ with minimum degree $delta ge2$. A lower and upper bound for the spectral radius of the edge-Zagreb matrix is obtained. Finally, we ...

geothermal energy because of its versatility has extensive applications in power generation, industry, agriculture, treatment of diseases etc: ...this source of energy has received great attention in recent years many countries in the world are benefiting from it. it possesses an eternal heat source and is pollution free. in this article it is tried to demonstrate the importance of georhermal e...

The distinguishing number of a graph G is the smallest positive integer r such that G has a labeling of its vertices with r labels for which there is no non-trivial automorphism of G preserving these labels. In early work, Michael Albertson and Karen Collins computed the distinguishing number for various finite graphs, and more recently Wilfried Imrich, Sandi Klavžar and Vladimir Trofimov compu...

globally excessive consumption of hydrocarbon fuel in transport sector is a serious threat to the civilization due to paucity of fuel in future. also this growing use of vehicles for transport is contributing about 70% of total air pollution and causing environmental and ecological imbalances. thus the worldwide fast depletion of conventional energy resources and impact of emissions on environm...

energy and mass transfer investigations in thermal processing of fruits serve as a breakthrough in the design and scale up of drying systems. diffusivity characteristics and specific energy consumption for drying of fig fruit in a laboratory scale microwave dryer were assessed. several intervals for microwave power intensity including 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 w g-1, and 6 levels of power on-off ...