We use anisotropic optical tracers (also called magnetically modulated optical nanoprobes – MagMOONs or MOONs for non-magnetic nanoprobes in this dissertation) to study biophysical processes such as enzyme-catalyzed cleavage through tissue, intracellular transport of these tracers and cytotoxicity based on this transport. The anisotropic optical properties cause these tracers to blink when rota...

Carrageenan, agar, and alginate are seaweed-derived carbohydrate hydrocolloids which used as thickening gelling agents in foods, pharma biotechnology applications due to their unique gelation properties. These extracted commercially from a set of high-yielding, cultivated seaweeds (marine macroalgae). The seaweed type biological environmental factors during growth determine the chemical rheolog...