In this paper, we describe how to construct physical computer network topologies which can support the establishment of overlays that reduce or increase the distances between nodes. Reducing pairwise distances (i.e., compression) implies that the overlay enjoys significantly lower inter-node latencies compared to the ambient physical network; such an overlay can be used to implement a “high-per...

since the evidence for direct maritime trade between the sassanid empire and china is exiguous, it has often been asserted that there was no direct sea commerce between these two countries. scholars claim that there is nothing to prove direct chinese sailings to iran before islam and say that direct sea commerce between them was occurred during early islamic period. based on the historical, arc...

The phrase ‘global land grab’ has become a catch-all framework to describe and analyze the current explosion of (trans)national commercial land transactions revolving around the production and sale of food and biofuels. Initially deployed and popularised especially by activist groups deeply concerned and opposed to such transactions from an environmental-agrarian justice perspective, the signif...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare between weight and gender categories the attack and pause times during the 2007 Taekwondo World Championship. METHODS A total of 88 rounds (47 male and 41 female contests) were analyzed. RESULTS There was no difference in attack/balancing times ratio between genders (0.13 ± 0.06 vs 0.13 ± 0.06, P > 0.05). The attack number was significantly hi...

Singapore has four official languages – English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil. These four official languages collectively reflect the multiracial make-up of Singapore society. Three of them individually represent the three dominant ethnic or racial groups living in Singapore – Chinese, Malays and Indians. This ensures that all the dominant racial groups feel represented. Among the four official la...

In this study, the ethnic problems which are one of the most significant and perhaps the primary structural difficulties and problems of the nation-state and possible solutions will be suggested. Even if it starts with the general information, the focus of this study would be the subject matter which is known as the Southeastern Problem in Turkey yet it has started to be mentioned as the Kurdis...

This article analyses the development of competitive party politics in post-communist East Central Europe from a comparative perspective. The central concerns are party system stabilisation and change in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and implications for comparative theory. Starting from Lipset and Rokkan’s ‘cleavage model’, the article assesses the relevance of their key va...

This paper uses the Banzhaf power measure to calculate the a priori voting power of individual voters under the existing Electoral College system for electing the President of the United States, as well as under variants of this system in which electoral votes are either apportioned among the states in a different manner or cast by the states in a different manner. While the present winner-take...