This paper elaborates on Persian and English orthographic shared aspects to study the effects of L1 Persian on learning English as a foreign language. While there are some examples of letter and sound mismatches in the orthographic system of both languages, those of English are more complex than Persian. In order to see the effect of the mismatch between orthography and transcription, 40 Persia...

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ing feature of civilization. The continual improvements and refinements of writing systems throughout history are a testament to their importance. In the last 10,000 years, the media of writing systems have changed from cave walls, rune stones, and sand to papyrus, wax tablets, parchment, paper, and—in our age—networked computers. Carvings, pieces of scribble, and elaborate texts have been gene...

Research using alphabetic languages shows that, compared to young adults, older adults employ a risky reading strategy in which they are more likely to guess word identities and skip words to compensate for their slower processing of text. However, little is known about how ageing affects reading behaviour for naturally unspaced, logographic languages like Chinese. Accordingly, to assess the ge...

The triangle model is a computational model for lexical processing which computes word orthography, phonology and semantics using the architecture of a parallel distributed processing network. The computation takes the form of interactions among neuron-like processing units. In the present research, a Japanese triangle model computed phonology directly from orthography for both Kanji and Kana s...

Music and language share many attributes and a large body of evidence shows that sensitivity to acoustic cues in music is positively related to language development and even subsequent reading acquisition. However, such association was mainly found in alphabetic languages. What remains unclear is whether sensitivity to acoustic cues in music is associated with reading in Chinese, a morphosyllab...

Recent studies have found holistic processing to be a marker of expertise for perception of words in alphabetic (e.g., English) and non-alphabetic (e.g., Chinese) writing systems, consistent with what has been found for faces and other objects of face-like expertise. It is unknown, however, whether holistic processing of words occurs in an early, perceptual stage as it does for faces. We examin...

The sustainability of any Data Warehouse System (DWS) is closely correlated with user satisfaction. Therefore, analysts, designers and developers focused more on achieving all its functionality, without considering others kinds of requirement such as dependability’s aspects. Moreover, these latter are often considered as properties of the system that will must be checked and corrected once the ...