Greenhouses require large amounts of energy, which is the dominant factor making greenhouses more emission intensive than open-field cultivation. Alternative heating systems, such as combined heat and power (CHP), biogas, industrial waste heat, are continuously being researched for reducing environmental impacts greenhouses. This paper assesses utilizing CO2 enrichment in an example to propose ...

In the present paper, we develop a modified pseudospectral scheme for solving an optimal control problem which is governed by a switched dynamical system. Many real-world processes such as chemical processes, automotive systems and manufacturing processes can be modeled as such systems. For this purpose, we replace the problem with an alternative optimal control problem in which the switching t...

This article reviews recent research into alternative systems of food provision. It considers, first, what the concept of ‘alternativeness’ might mean, based on recent discussions in economic geography. Informed by this, it discusses food relocalization and the turn to ‘quality’ food production, arguing that both are ‘weaker’ alternative systems of food provision because of their emphasis on fo...