Indonesia merupakan penghasil sumber pangan yang besar dan negara agraris dengan luas areal pertanian cukup luas, namun karena kebutuhan akan ketahanan pertambahan penduduk pesat, tidak mampu mengekspor pangan. Oleh itu, dicari solusi teknologi sangat bermanfaat untuk sistem irigasi tugas pengairan lahan menantang selama musim kemarau. Solusi alternatif berupa pompa air tenaga surya diperlukan ...

The paper is focused on identification and measurement of the main parameters of the stacked supercapacitors (SC). The volt-ampere method was used to measure the charge/discharge characteristic, impedance spectroscopy method for measurement of the equivalent serial resistance and analysis of the dynamic parameters. The measured and calculated parameters are: equivalent serial resistance (ESR), ...

We comment on and translate Gustav Kirchhoff’s important paper of 1857 entitled “On the motion of electricity in conductors.” The significance of this paper is that Kirchhoff proved with action at a distance that electric disturbances travel along wires of negligible resistance with the velocity of light. He accomplished this with the laws of Newtonian electrodynamics (Coulomb, Ampere, F. Neuma...

The equivalence of the Ampere and Biot-Savart force laws in magnetostatics is examined by considering the difference in the forces predicted by the two laws. The conditions under which this force difference vanishes are discussed, with special reference to the question of convergence of the integrals involved. The conclusions are that a complete current distribution exerts forces, which are the...

TO THE EDITOR: Gratiy et al. (2013) proposed two alternative explanations for the nonbalanced current source density (CSD) estimates in Riera et al. (2012). Their commentary was based on a particular interpretation of the role played by the Ampere-Maxwell Law in the genesis of the electric fields for macroscopic media. In this Reply, we will provide further information to stimulate the debate i...

TO THE EDITOR: Gratiy et al. (2013) proposed two alternative explanations for the nonbalanced current source density (CSD) estimates in Riera et al. (2012). Their commentary was based on a particular interpretation of the role played by the Ampere-Maxwell Law in the genesis of the electric fields for macroscopic media. In this Reply, we will provide further information to stimulate the debate i...