A total of 1712 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with invasive diseases were obtained from ten Brazilian states from 1996 to 2000. beta-Lactamase production was assessed and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and rifampin were determined using a method for broth microdilution of Haemophilus test medium. The prevalence ...

The overuse of antibiotics has accelerated antibiotic resistance in the natural environment, especially fresh water, generating a potential risk for public health around the world. In this study, antibiotic resistance in Lake Taihu was investigated and this was the first thorough data obtained through culture-dependent methods. High percentages of resistance to streptomycin and ampicillin among...

The structural gene for ampicillin resistance resides upon a 3.2 X 10(6)-dalton sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid, TnA that can be transposed from replicon to replicon in laboratory experiments. TnA was transposed from a large conjugative plasmid to a small nonconjugative plasmid, RSF1010. Several RSF1010::TnA plasmids isolated in these laboratory experiments have been shown to be identical to ...

Allelic exchange experiments allow investigation of the functions of many unknown genes identified during the sequencing of entire genomes. Isogenic strains differing by only specific mutations can be constructed. Among other tools, suicide plasmids are widely used for this task. They present many advantages because they leave no scars on the chromosome, and therefore allow combining several mu...

Background: Vulvovaginitis is a common infection in prepubertal girls, which partly caused by bacterial infection. According to the literature, Haemophilus influenzae one of most causes vulvovaginitis children. However, few studies with large sample sizes have delved into this issue. Objectives: To determine prevalence girls and detect antimicrobial resistance H. strains isolated from vulval sp...

We document the first report of plasmid-encoded CMY-2-type AmpC -lactamase identified among Shigella sonnei isolates resistant to ceftriaxone and obtained after an outbreak of bacillary dysentery in Taiwan. One hundred eighty-two children in two elementary schools in Yu-Li, Taiwan, where an outbreak occurred after a typhoon hit this area in 2001, were enrolled in this study. Clinical and epidem...

OBJECTIVES The Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring (JVARM) Program was established in 1999 to examine the susceptibility of bacteria from food-producing animals to antimicrobial agents. This study tested the susceptibility of Salmonella isolates collected during 2001-2002 to 20 antimicrobials. MATERIALS AND METHODS MICs of antimicrobial agents were determined using the NCC...

We determined the species distribution and prevalence of ampicillin resistance, high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) and vancomycin resistance among clinical enterococcal isolates from five Nordic laboratories (Bergen, Tromsø, Uppsala, Aarhus and Reykjavik). Isolates represented three different groups: (i) all blood culture isolates from 1999; (ii) consecutive in-patient isolates (maximum 40...

In several clonally unrelated VanB-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains, we demonstrated a common physical relationship between pbp5 and Tn5382 as well as common mutations within pbp5. The majority of these strains transferred vancomycin and ampicillin resistance to E. faecium in vitro, suggesting the dissemination of similar transferable pbp5-vanB-containing mobile elements t...