Introduction: Tinnitus is a perception of sound without external source. The exact etiology of tinnitus is not fully understood, although some researchers believe that the condition usually starts in the cochlea. The aim of this study was to determine the potential contribution of outer hair cell dysfunction to chronic tinnitus, by application of Distortion-Product Evoked Otoacoustic Emission (...

purpose : to determine the fusional amplitudes and the frequency of hetrophoria, in our patients methods : in this cross sectional study, 111 adults with mean age of 25.6 years were included. all participants had best corrected visual acuity (bcva) better than 20/25, more than 60 sec of arc stereopsis and had no heterotropia or other significant eye disorders. fusional amplitudes were measured ...