Using a moral hazard model, this study examines the relationship between environmental uncertainty and the adoption of decentralized IT governance. We show that this relationship is determined by a trade-off between the need for processing local information and the concern on moral hazard. The trade-off results in an inverted-U-shaped relationship between environmental uncertainty and decentral...

It is well known that even under identical task conditions, there is a tremendous amount of trial-to-trial variability in both brain activity and behavioral output. Thus far the vast majority of event-related potential (ERP) studies investigating the relationship between trial-to-trial fluctuations in brain activity and behavioral performance have only tested a monotonic relationship between th...

the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis postulates an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and many local environmental health indicators, while some economists argue that the relationship follows other patterns. By using an overlapping generations (OLG) model, we focus on technological effects, where the properties of the existing pollution abatement technologies cou...

Using archival data from Minneapolis recorded in 3-hr time intervals, E. G. Cohn and J. Rotton concluded that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between temperature and assault, with the maximum assault rate occurring at 74.9 degrees F. They depicted this relationship by plotting temperature against assault. This plot, however, fails to take into account time of day. Time of day was str...

Although earlier research on leader-member exchange (LMX) theory supported a negative linear relationship between LMX quality and role stressors, recent studies suggest that a more complex, nonlinear relationship may exist between LMX quality and variables traditionally associated with it. Based on communication research of LMX and social exchange theory, the aim of this article is to revisit t...

Reaction of [U(TrenTIPS)] [1, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3] with 0.25 equivalents of P4 reproducibly affords the unprecedented actinide inverted sandwich cyclo-P5 complex [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-η5:η5-cyclo-P5)] (2). All prior examples of cyclo-P5 are stabilized by d-block metals, so 2 shows that cyclo-P5 does not require d-block ions to be prepared. Although cyclo-P5 is isolobal to cyclopentadienyl, w...

Managing congestion in a self-service environment such as fitting rooms in apparel retailers is vital as retailers increasingly rely on their customers to perform many tasks independently. In this paper, we examine the impact of congestion in fitting rooms on the store performance for a retailer. Using point-ofsale (POS), traffic, and labor data from a retailer, we demonstrate an inverted-U rel...

Studies on prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine (DA) function have revealed its essential role in mediating a variety of cognitive and executive functions. A general principle that has emerged (primarily from studies on working memory) is that PFC DA, acting on D1 receptors, regulates cognition in accordance to an "inverted-U" shaped function, so that too little or too much activity has detrimental...

Building on agency and resource dependence theories, we study the relationship between value of initial public offerings extent board independence, which find to be an inverted U-shape: beyond a certain threshold, independence becomes excessive. Consistent with theory, U-shaped is more pronounced when ownership control rights are separated. in companies higher industry diversification less role...

This study examined the effect of politeness, as a key reflection linguistic features conversation in online labor marketplace, on hiring behavior. Drawing politeness theory, non-linear relationship was theorized. A hypothesis put forward and against large-scale archival dataset from Chinese market. Using an econometric model, results demonstrated that there inverted U-shaped between decisions....